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Verb Basics, the Root and the Past Tense – Beginners Grammar 7.0–7.3

Arabic Grammar for Beginners · Lesson 7.0–7.3 قَوَاعِدُ اللُّغَةِ الْعَرَبِيَّةِ لِلْمُبْتَدِئِينَ Section 7.0 - Verb فِعلٌ ( fei-lun )   The verb is a word used to describe an action, state, or occurrence, and forming the main part of the predicate of a sentence, such as hear, become, or happen. The main element of a Verb is that it is associated with time. In the English language, time is defined by what is called a tense, and in simple terms, these are three. Past Tense, Present Tense and Future Tense.

The Past Tense Verb Conjugated (Maadi) – Beginners Grammar 7.3

Arabic Grammar for Beginners · Lesson 7.3 قَوَاعِدُ اللُّغَةِ الْعَرَبِيَّةِ لِلْمُبْتَدِئِينَ Section 7.3 – Active Voice Past Tense الْفِعْلُ الْمَاضِىُ الْمَعْرُوْفُ   Three alphabet Root word ثُلَاثِي مُجَرَّدٌ ( thula-thi mujar-ra-dun )   As we mentioned before, 99% of Arabic words are based on three alphabet root words. These are called ثُلَاثِىْ مُجَرَّدٌ ( thulati mu-jar-radun ) meaning three and mujar-rad meaning bare. Remaining 1% are 4 alphabet root words ( رُبَاعِىْ rubaa-yee ) and five alphabet root words ( خُمَاسِىْ khu-maa-si ). We will be concentrating on the three-alphabet root word.  

The Verbal Sentence and Its Object – Beginners Grammar 7.4–7.6

Arabic Grammar for Beginners · Lesson 7.4–7.6 قَوَاعِدُ اللُّغَةِ الْعَرَبِيَّةِ لِلْمُبْتَدِئِينَ Section 7.4 - Forming Verbal Sentence جُملةُ الْفِعْلِيَةُ ( jum-la-tul fei-li-ya-tu )   We learned that the base inflection itself can be a sentence by itself since it has a pronoun hidden in it which serves as the Actor/Subject ( فَاعِلٌ faa-il-un ) which sometimes we will call as the subject.   An important rule is that Actor/ Subject   ( فَاعِلٌ faa-il-un ) is always in a Nominative state ( رَفْعٌ raf-un ).  

Prepositions, Negation, Questions and Qad with the Past Tense – Beginners Grammar 7.7–7.14

Arabic Grammar for Beginners · Lesson 7.7–7.14 قَوَاعِدُ اللُّغَةِ الْعَرَبِيَّةِ لِلْمُبْتَدِئِينَ Section 7.7 – Compounds in a Verbal Sentence ( جُملَةُالْفِعْلِيَةُ  jum-la-tul fei'-li-yatu )   Actor/Subject ( فَاعِلٌ faa-ilun ) and object الْمَفْعُوْلُ ( al-maf’oolun ) can also be compound words in a Verbal sentence. For example:   1) Mahmoud hit Hamid’s brother :   ضَرَبَ مَحْمُوْدٌ أَخَا حَامِدٍ ( dara-ba mah-mudun akh-aa haa-mi-din ) .   Here أَخَا حَامِدٍ is a possessive compound. The translation of brother is ( أَخُوْ ) in the nominative, ( أَخَا ) in Accusative نَصْبٌ ( nas-bun ) and ( أَخِيْ ) in the genitive. Since the object is always in Accusative نَصْبٌ ( nas-bun ) state, the Mu-daaf which was Nominative رَفْعٌ ( raf-un ) in possessive compound ( أَخُوْ ) was changed to accusative ( أَخَا ).  

The Five Kinds of Object (Maf'ool) – Beginners Grammar 7.13

Arabic Grammar for Beginners · Lesson 7.13 قَوَاعِدُ اللُّغَةِ الْعَرَبِيَّةِ لِلْمُبْتَدِئِينَ Section 7.13 – Types of Objects أَقْسْاْمُ الْمَفْعُوْلِ   Actor/Subject فَاعِلٌ Fa'i-lun is a Noun that occurs after a Verb and is associated with the meaning of the Act / Verb (فِعْلٌ fe'i-lun ) and it stands as a subject/actor ( مُسْنَدٌ إِلَيْهِ mus-na-dun ilia-hi ) for the Verb ( فِعْلٌ fe'i-lun ). For example, “ زَيْدٌ ” Zai-dun in ضَرَبَ زَيْدٌ da-ra-ba Zai-dun meaning Zaid hit .  

The Passive Past Tense (Maadi Majhool) – Beginners Grammar 7.14

Arabic Grammar for Beginners · Lesson 7.14 قَوَاعِدُ اللُّغَةِ الْعَرَبِيَّةِ لِلْمُبْتَدِئِينَ Section 7.14 – Passive Voice Past Tense Verb ( مَجْهُوْلٌ مَاضِيْ ) maa-di maj-hoo-lun   As described elsewhere before, an active Verb فِعْلُ اللَّاَزِمِ ( fe'il-ul laa-zim i ) always requires an Actor/Subject فَاعِلٌ faa-'ilun to complete a sentence. These actors can be explicit Nouns or their pronouns, or implicit in the Verb itself. For example, in ضَرَبَ زَيْدٌ  da-ra-ba  Zaid-un meaning Zaid hit, زَيْدٌ Zai-dun is the Actor/Subject and is in Nominative رَفْعٌ  ( raf-un ) state. Or, in ضَرَبْتُ da-rab-tu meaning I hit, the pronoun I  is hidden in تُ tu .   If only ضَرَبَ da-ra-ba is used, it means he hit and the pronoun “he” is hidden in the Verb ضَرَبَ da-ra-ba . Also, some intransitive Verbs فِعْلُ اللَّاَزِمِ feil-ul laa-zi-mi require one or more objects مَفعُوْلٌ maf’ool un . The Actor/Subject is always in a Nominative رَفْعٌ ( ...

The Imperfect Tense (Mudaari') – Beginners Grammar 8.1

Arabic Grammar for Beginners · Lesson 8.1 قَوَاعِدُ اللُّغَةِ الْعَرَبِيَّةِ لِلْمُبْتَدِئِينَ Section 8.1 – Active Voice Imperfect Verb الْفِعْلُ المُضَارِعُ الْمَعْرُوْفُ al-feil-ul mu-daa-ri-'ul ma’roof   As mentioned earlier, the English language has three types of Verbs, past, present, and future, and their subcategories such as present continuous. In the Arabic language, there are only two types of Verbs, past tense فِعْلُ الْمَاضِيْ ( feil-ul maa-di ) and imperfect tense فِعْلُ الْمُضَارِعِ ( feil-ul mu-daa-ri-' e ) .   Feil-ul Mu-daa-ri-yee covers both present and future tenses. Usually, حَرْفٌ ( harf-un ) Particles are used to imply present and future tenses, and also the context of the sentence makes it apparent if present or future is implied. Four different alphabets are used in the beginning to change a past tense to an imperfect tense. These are ( ي yaa ) ( ت taa ) ( ا alif ) and ( ن noon ). For example:

The Imperfect Tense, Continued – Beginners Grammar 8.1b

Arabic Grammar for Beginners · Lesson 8.1b قَوَاعِدُ اللُّغَةِ الْعَرَبِيَّةِ لِلْمُبْتَدِئِينَ Table 44 – يَفَعِلُ ( yaf-i-lu ) Inflections   Single Dual Plural Absent 3 rd person Male 1 يَفْعِلُ   Yaf-'ilu 6 يَفْعِلَانِ   Yaf-‘ilaa -ni 10 يَفْعِلُوْنَ   Yaf-'iloo- na Female 2 تَفْعِلُ   Taf-'ilu 7 تَفْعِلَانِ   Taf-'ilaa -ni 11 يَفْعِلْنَ   Yaf-'il-na Present 2 nd person Male 3 تَفْعِلُ   Taf-'ilu   8 تَفْعِلَانِ   Taf-'ilaa -ni 12 تَفْعِلْوْنَ   Taf-'i-loo- na female 14 تَفْعِلِينَ   Taf-'i-lee' -na 9 تَفْعِلَانِ   Taf- ‘ilaa-ni 13 تَفْعِلْنَ   Taf-'il- na Speaker 1 st person Male/ female 4 أَفْعِ...

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