Section 3.2 – Four Properties Required to Define a Noun اِسْمٌ   As in the English language, simply put, a Noun is used to define a name, a place, or a thing. In Arabic, to define a Noun and be able to use it, the following four properties are required:   Property 1.        Vowel إِعْرَابٌ ( e’raa-bun ) of the Noun has to be known. This specifies whether a Noun is flexible مُعْرَبٌ ( mu-ra-bun ) or inflexible مَبْنِيٌّ ( mab-niyyun ) and defines its position in a sentence as to whether it is a subject, object, an adjective, etc.

  Section 3. 4 - Property 2 Capacity وُسْعَتٌ ( wus-'at )  The capacity of a Noun is divided into two categories. These are Definite مَعْرِفَةُ ( ma-aa-ri-fa-tu ) and Indefinite نَكِرَةٌ ( na-ki-ra-tun ) Nouns. All Nouns are considered indefinite until proven to be definite Nouns. The categories of definite Nouns are described below.   A. Definite Nouns مَعْرِفَةُ ( ma'-ri-fa-tu ) A definite Noun, according to Webster’s dictionary, is an article that is:  free of all ambiguity, uncertainty, or obscurity, unquestionable, decided typically designating an identified or immediately identifiable person or thing.

D. Definite by Demonstrative pronouns اَسْمَاءُالْإِشَارَةِ ( as-ma-ul ishaa-ra ) This is a pronoun that points out the one referred to and distinguishing it from others of the same class (as in that in "that house"). In other words, these pronouns that point to specific things: this, that, these, and those, as in “This is an apple”, “Those are boys” or “Take these to the clerk.” Table 5 below describes the demonstrative pronouns in Arabic. Note that these are also different depending upon the gender, position, and singular/dual/ plural status.

  Section 3.6 - Property 4 Quantity of a Noun عَدَدٌ ( Ada-dun ) Quantities of Nouns اِسْمٌ is-mun are classified in three ways: Singular muf-ra-dun مُفْردٌ , Dual مُثَنَّي mu-than-na, and Plural جَمْعٌ jam-un .   A.      Singular اَلْمُفْرَدُ al-muf-ra-du   A singular specifies a quantity of one as in رَجُلٌ ra-ju-lun meaning “a man”.  

    3.5C. Plural اَلْجَمْعُ al-jam'u   A plural specifies a number more than two and is usually a modified version of the Single مُفْردٌ muf-ra-dun . The plural is either Mentioned لَفْظًا laf-zan as in رِجَالٌ ri-jaa-lun (plural for رَجُلٌ ra-ju-lun meaning “several men”) or Assumed/Implicit تَقْدِيرًا taq-dee-ran based on pattern/scale of فُلْكٌ full-kun meaning “boats”.   Mentioned Plurals are of two kinds: Broken plural جَمْعُ الْتَّكْسِيْرِ jam-ut taksee-ri also called اَلْجَمْعُ الْمُكَسَّرُ jam-ul mu-kas-sari and Sound plurals جَمْعُ التَّصْحِيْحِ jam-ut tas-hee-hi also called السَّالِمِ جَمْعُ jam-us saa-limi .

  Section 4.0 – Compound مُرَكَّبٌ mu-rak-ka-bun Definition   A compound is made up of 2 or more words. Compounds are divided into two categories. Either it is an incomplete compound (a phrase) or a complete compound (a sentence). An incomplete compound is something that does not convey a message completely and leaves a listener unsure about what was said. For example, if I say the Book of philosophy, one may ask the question: what about it? A complete compound conveys a message and the listener understands what is being meant. For example, if I say this is a book of philosophy, this would be a complete sentence. An incomplete compound is called الْمُرَكّبُ الْغَيْرُ مُفِيْدُ   mu-rak-ka-bul ghai-ri-mu-fee-din which means non-useful compound and a complete compound is called مُرَكَّبُ الْمُفِيْدِ mu-rak-ka-bul mu-fee-di which means useful compound. It is also called المُرَكَّبُ التَّامِّ mu-rak-kabu-tam-mi or a complete compound/ sentence. An incomplete compound is used as

  Section 4.0 – Compound مُرَكَّبٌ mu-rak-ka-bun Definition  A compound is made up of 2 or more words. Compounds are divided into two categories. Either it is an incomplete compound (a phrase) or a complete compound (a sentence). An incomplete compound is something that does not convey a message completely and leaves a listener unsure about what was said. For example, if I say the Book of philosophy, one may ask the question: what about it? A complete compound conveys a message and the listener understands what is being meant. For example, if I say this is a book of philosophy, this would be a complete sentence. An incomplete compound is called الْمُرَكّبُ الْغَيْرُ مُفِيْدُ   mu-rak-ka-bul ghai-ri-mu-fee-din which means non-useful compound and a complete compound is called مُرَكَّبُ الْمُفِيْدِ mu-rak-ka-bul mu-fee-di which means useful compound. It is also called المُرَكَّبُ التَّامِّ mu-rak-kabu-tam-mi or a complete compound/ sentence. An incomplete compound is used as a