7.8-13 – Types of Objects أَقْسْاْمُ الْمَفْعُوْلِ
Section 7.13 – Types of Objects أَقْسْاْمُ الْمَفْعُوْلِ
Actor/Subject فَاعِلٌ Fa'i-lun is a Noun that occurs after a Verb and is associated with the meaning of the Act/Verb (فِعْلٌ fe'i-lun) and it stands as a subject/actor (مُسْنَدٌ إِلَيْهِ mus-na-dun ilia-hi) for the Verb (فِعْلٌ fe'i-lun). For example, “زَيْدٌ” Zai-dun in ضَرَبَ زَيْدٌ da-ra-ba Zai-dun meaning Zaid hit.
The object which is called an اَلْمَفْعُوْلُ al-maf’oolu is the person or thing on which action is happening. This could be an action on, action for, or action with the person or thing which we are calling here an object. There are several kinds of objects as described below.
Absolute Object اَلْمَفْعُوْلُ الْمُطْلَقُ al-maf’ool ul mut-la-qu: This uses a Verbal Source مَصْدَرٌ mas-da-run for the Verb which was used earlier in the sentence and with the same meaning. For example, “ضَرْبًا” dar-ban in ضَرَبْتُ ضَرْبًا da-rab-tu dar-ban meaning “I hit him as he should be hit” or “I hit him a lot”. Or “قَيَامًا” qayaa-man in قُمْتُ قَيَامًا qum-tuqayaa-man meaning “I stood as one should stand or properly”.
Adverb of Time or Place اَلْمَفْعُوْلُ فِيْهِ al-maf’ool-ul fee-hi: This is a Noun for a situation, place or time in which the action associated with a Verb occurs. It is sometimes called ظَرْفٌ zar-fun and has two kinds:
1) ظَرْفُ زَمَانٍ zar-fu za-maa-nin or adverb of time: As in “يَوْمَ” yaw-ma in
صُمْتُ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ sum-tu yaw-mal jum-a-ti meaning “I fasted on Friday”.
2) ظَرْفُ مَكَانٍ zar-fu makaa-nin or adverb of place: As in “عِنْدَ” in-da in
جَلَسْتُ عِنْدَكَ jalas-tu in-da-ka meaning “I sat near you/next to you”.
Comitative Object اَلْمَفْعُوْلُ مَعَهٗ al-mafool-u ma-a-hoo: This Noun happens after the letter (و) where it is for the meaning of “مَعَ” ma-'a (with) and it joins the Actor/Subject فَاعِلٌ faa-'i-lun in its action. For example, “وَالْجُبَّاتِ” wal-jub-baati in the sentence وَالْجُبَّاتِ الْبَرْدُ جَاءَ jaa-'al bar-du wal-jub-baati meaning “cold came with warm coats”. Kasrah comes in the word اَلْجُبَّاتِ al-jub-baati and it is Sound Feminine Plural and it is Accusative nas-bun by Kasrah or you may say جَاءَ الْبَرْدُ وَالْجُبَّةَ jaa-al bar-du wal-jub-ba-ti, (وَ wa) with the meaning of مَعَ ma-'a “with” and this makes it easier to understand for a beginner
Adverb of Purpose اَلْمَفْعُوْلُ لهٗ al-maf-ulu la-hu: This is the reason why the action of the Verb is happening. For example, “إِكْرَامًا” ik-raa-man in قُمْتُ إكْرَامًا لِزَيْدٍ qum-tu ikraa-man li-Zai-din meaning “I stood up to show respect for Zaid”.
The object of a Verb اَلْمَفْعُوْلُ بِهٖ al-maf-'ool-u be-he: This is a Noun on which act اَلْفِعْلُ al-fei-lu of the Actor/Subject فَاعِلٌ faa-'i-lun occurs. For example, ضَرَبَ زَيْدٌ عَمْرًا da-ra-ba Zai-dun am-ran meaning “Zaid hit Amr”.
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