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4.1C/4.1C1 - Genitive Compound

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  C. Genitive Compound الْمُرَكَّبُ الجَّارِيْ To understand a Genitive Compound, first, we need to know the Genitive Particle/ Prepositions in Arabic. Genitive Particles حَرْفُ الْجَرِّ har-fu jar-rin are equivalent to Prepositions and when used with a Noun, cause it to go into a Genitive جَرٌّ ( jarr-un ) State. In Arabic, these are words/alphabets governing, and usually preceding, a noun or pronoun and expressing a relation to another word or element in the clause, as in “he is going towards the mosque”, or “I am with Zaid”. That is, prepositions  are used to connect Nouns or Nouns and pronouns.  

4.1C1 - Pronouns with Genitive Compound

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  Use of pronouns in a Genitive جَرٌّ ( jarr-un ) Compound Some Genitive جَرٌّ ( jarr-un ) Particle/ Prepositions are used with pronouns also. Since Genitive جَرٌّ ( jarr-un ) Particle/Prepositions give Genitive جَرٌّ ( jarr-un ) state to the Noun, the pronouns used with these Particles are the ones in Genitive جَرٌّ ( jarr-un ) state which have been mentioned in the previous chapter. Following tables 13 through 17 show commonly used pronouns with Genitive جَرٌّ ( jarr-un ) Particle/Prepositions:

4.1D/4.2 - Possessive Compound/Six Noun Exception

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  D. Possessive Compound الْمُرَكَّبُ الْإِضَافِيْ The possessive compound is the most extensively used phrase in Al-Qur’an. This compound consists of at least two Nouns and relates one Noun to the other. Arabic does not have an equivalent word for the word “of” and its effect is created by the order and flexibility of the Nouns used in this compound, as in, the messenger of Allah رَسُوْلُ اللّٰهِ , and day of judgment يَوْمُ الدّيْنِ . The first Noun is called the Possessed مُضَافٌ ( Mu-daaf ), and the second Noun is called the Possessor مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ ( mu-daaf ilai-hi ) . Five very important rules need to be followed to make this compound:  

5.0/5.1/5.2 Sentences/Types/Nominative Sentence

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  Section 5.0 - Complete Compound - Sentence المُرَكَّبُ التَّامِّ جُمْلَةٌ Jum-latul - murak-kabut-taam-mu   A complete compound is one that meaningfully expresses a statement, question or other information.   The simplest form of a sentence is what is called an Informative sentence جُمْلَةُ الْخَبَرِيَّةُ jumla-tul khabar-riyya-tu . In this sentence, it is possible to say that a speaker is factually right or wrong as in when the sentence is a statement. The second form is what is called a non-informative sentence الْإِنْشَائيَّةُ   جُمْلَةُ jumla-tul inshaa-iyya-tu in which it is not possible to say that a speaker is right or wrong, as in when the sentence is a question.   We will be covering the Informative sentence first and will cover the non-informative sentence as the need is felt.

5.2 - Nominative Sentence

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    Section 5.2 - Nominative Sentence الْجُمْلَةُ الْاٍسْمَيَّةُ ( jum-la-tul is-miyya-tu )   An example of a nominative sentence is زيْدٌ عَالِمٌ Zai-dun ' aa-li-mun which means Zaid is a scholar. Note that a nominative sentence is always in the present tense. To make it a past tense an active element called كَانَ ( kana ) is added and similarly to make it a future tense, another active element يَكُوْنُ ( ya-koo-nu ) is used. These will be described later in the book when Verbs are discussed .

5.3/5.4/5.5/5.6 - Incomplete Compound in a Sentence/Nominative /Interrogative /Negative

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  Section 5.3 - Use of Incomplete Compound in a Sentence   It was mentioned earlier that there is a minimum of two parts required to make a complete sentence. These are mubtada and Khabar or predicate. Both can be a single word or a compound word (simple or complex). In the following examples, the use of incomplete compounds is explained.

5.4 - Nominative Sentence Components

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  Section 5.4 - Nominative Sentence جُملَةٌ اِسْمِيَّةٌ jum-la-tun is-miy-yatun Components مُتَعَلَّقُ الْخَبَرِ mu-tal-la-qul kha-ba-ri (Associate) Joined Nouns مَعْطُوْفٌ/مَعْطُوْفٌ اِلَيْهِ ma-toof-un / maa-too-fun ilai-hi (Additive/Independent)   Besides mub-tada and predicate, other components can be a part of the sentence. One of them is called مُتَعَلَّقُ الْخَبَرِ ( mu-ta-al-la-qul Khabar ) associate of the predicate .   For example, take the sentence:

5.5 - Interrogative Sentence

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  Section 5.5 - Interrogative Sentences   Several Particles are used for interrogative sentences.   For those questions which can be answered in yes or no, to make a nominative sentence an interrogative one, two Particles are commonly used which are (1) هَلْ ( hull ) and (2) أَ ( aa ) .   Examples of these would be:

5.6 - Negative Sentence

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  Section 5.6 - Negative Sentences - مَا maa , لَيْسَ laisa and لَا laa   To create a negative nominative sentence in Arabic, two words are used most commonly. These are مَا ( maa ) . and لَيْسَ ( laisa ) .   Ma is a Particle and laisa is called مُشَبَّهَةٌ بِالْفِعْلِ mu-shab-baha-tun bil feili .

5.7 - Negative of All Kinds

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    Section 5.7 - Particle لَا For Negative of All Kinds لَا لِلنَّفِيُّ الْجِنْسِ laa lil-nafi-ul jin-si لَا laa is sometimes used to indicate that Noun right after it includes all kinds/any kind/any type and is always in the accusative state ( نَصْبٌ nas-bun ) and is used without ( اَلْ al ) implying that it is always an indefinite Noun ( نَكِرَةٌ naki-ra-tun ).  

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