4.1C/4.1C1 - Genitive Compound

 

C. Genitive Compound الْمُرَكَّبُ الجَّارِيْ

To understand a Genitive Compound, first, we need to know the Genitive Particle/ Prepositions in Arabic. Genitive Particles حَرْفُ الْجَرِّ har-fu jar-rin are equivalent to Prepositions and when used with a Noun, cause it to go into a Genitive جَرٌّ (jarr-un) State.

In Arabic, these are words/alphabets governing, and usually preceding, a noun or pronoun and expressing a relation to another word or element in the clause, as in “he is going towards the mosque”, or “I am with Zaid”. That is, prepositions are used to connect Nouns or Nouns and pronouns.

 

A Particle in this category is generally referred to as جَارٌ (jaa-run) and the Noun after it is called مَجْرَوْرٌ (maj-roo-run) and the compound is called a Compound الْمُرَكَّبُ الجَّارِيْ (al-murak-kab-uj Jaa-ri).

There are 17 prepositions or Particles of Jarr حَرُوْفُ الْجَرِّ huroof-ul jarri in Arabic as listed below:

 

1.(ب) اَلْبَاءُ.  2. (ت) اَلتَّاءُ 3. (ك) اَلْكَافُ 4.(ل) اَللَّامُ   5. (و)اَلْوَاوُ  6. مُذْ 7. مُنْذُ.  8. خَلَا 9. عَدَا 10.رُبَّ 11. حَاشَا 12.مِنْ  13. عَنْ  14. عَلَىٰ 15.حَتَّىٰ  16. فِيْ 17. اِلَىٰ

 

For our purpose, we will be studying eleven of these since these are used commonly in Al-Qur’an shown below in Table 12.

 

Table 12 – Genitive جَرٌّ (jarr-un) Particles – Prepositions

 

Particle	Meaning/Explanation	Example
بِ Be	This alphabet gives the meaning of “with” in Arabic	بِالْقَلَمِ bil qalami  meaning with pen
تَ ta	Used in Al-Qur’an for an oath, that is only used for swearing by Allah SWT.	تَاللهِ tal-lahi meaning By God
كَ ka	Meaning “similar to”, Used for comparing, showing similarity	كَالْقَمَرِ kal-qama-ri meaning “like moon”
لِ lee	Used for the word “for”	لِزَيْدٍ lee-Zaidin meaning “for Zaid”
وَ wa	Used for oath	وَاللهِ wal-lahi  meaning by God (I swear to God)
مِنْ min	Meaning “from"	مِنَ البَيْتِ min-al-baiti meaning “from the house”
عَنْ un	Meaning “from (a person)”	عَن اَبِيْ هُرَيرَةَ Un abi-huraira-ta meaning “from Abu Hurairah”
عَلٰى alaa	Meaning “upon/on”	عَلَٰى الْكُرْسِيْ Alal-kursi meaning “on the chair”
حَتَّىٰ Hat-taa	Meaning “until”	حَتَّيٰ حِيْنٍ Hatta-heen meaning “until an appointed time”
فِيْ fee	Meaning “in/inside"	فِيْ الدُّنْيَا Fid-du-ni-ya meaning “in the world”
اِلَىٰ ilaa	Meaning “to/towards”	اِلٰي الْمَسْجِدِ Ilal-masjid meaning “towards masjid”

 

 Use of pronouns in a Genitive جَرٌّ (jarr-un) Compound

Some Genitive جَرٌّ (jarr-un) Particle/ Prepositions are used with pronouns also. Since Genitive جَرٌّ (jarr-un) Particle/Prepositions give Genitive جَرٌّ (jarr-un) state to the Noun, the pronouns used with these Particles are the ones in Genitive جَرٌّ (jarr-un) state which have been mentioned in the previous chapter. Following tables 13 through 17 show commonly used pronouns with Genitive جَرٌّ (jarr-un) Particle/Prepositions:

 

Table 13 - Use of Preposition ب with Personal Pronouns

 

	Gender	Single	Dual	Plural
3rd person	male	بِهِ   Bihi   With, was, on him	بِهِمَا   Bihi-maa   With, was, on those two males	بِهِمْ   Bi-him   With, was, on them males
	female	بِهَا   Bi-haa   With, was, on her	بِهِمَا   Bi-himaa   With, was, on those two females	بِهِنَّ   Bi-hinna   With, was, on all those females
2nd person	male	بِكَ   Bi-kaa   With, was, on you (male)	بِكُمَا   Bi-kumaa   With, was, on you two (males)	بِكُمْ   Bi-kum   With, was, on you all (males)
	female	بِكِ   Bi-kee   With, was, on you (female)	بِكُمَا   Bi-kumaa   With, was, on you two (females)	بِكُنَّ   Bi-kun-na   With, was, on you all (females)
1st Person	male	بِيْ    (Bee)   With, was, on me	بِنَا    (Bi-naa)   With, was, on us
	female

 

Table 14 - Use of Preposition فِيْ with Personal Pronouns

 

	Gender	Single	Dual	Plural
3rd person	male	فِيْهِ    (Fee-he)   In, among, to, about him	فِيْهِمَا    (Fee-hima)     In, among, to, about both (male)	فِيْهِمْ    (Fee-him)       In, among, to, about them (male)
	female	فِيْهَا    (Fee-haa)   In, among, to, about her	فِيْهِمَا    (Fee-himaa)   In, among, to, about both (female)	فِيْهِنَّ    (Fee-hinna)   In, among, to, about them (female)
2nd person	male	فِيْكَ    (Fee-ka)   In, among, to, about you	فِيْكُمَا    (Fee-kuma)   In, among, to, about you both	فِيْكُمْ    (Fee-kum)   In, among, to, about you all (male)
	female	فِيكِ    (Fee-ki)   In, among, to, about you (female)	فِيْكُمَا    (Fee-kuma)   In, among, to, about you both (female)	فِيْكُنَّ    (Fee-kun-na)   In, among, to, about you all (female)
1st Person	male	فِيَّ    (Fee-ya)   In, among, to, about me	فِيْنَا    (Fee-na)   In, among, to, about us
	female

 

Table 15 - Use of Preposition مِنْ with Personal pronouns

 

	Gender	Single	Dual	Plural
3rd person	male	مِنْهُ    (min-hu)   From, among, in, of him	مِنْهُمَا    (min-hu-maa)   (From, among, in, of) both (males)	مِنْهُمْ    (min-hum)   From them, among them/in them/of them
	female	مِنْهَا    (min-haa)   From, among, in, of her	مِنْهُمَا    (min-hu-maa)   (From, among, in, of) both (female)	مِنْهُنَّ    (min-hun-naa)   (From, among, in, of) them (female)
2nd person	male	مِنْكُمْ    (min-kum)   From, among, in, of you	مِنْكُمَا    (min-ku-maa)   (From, among, in, of)  you both	مِنْكُمْ    (min-kum)   (From, among, in, of) you all (male)
	female	مِنْكِ    (min-kee)   From, among, in, of you (female)	مِنْكُمَا    (min-ku-maa)   (From, among, in, of)  both (female)	مِنْكُنَّ    (min-kun-naa)   (From, among, in, of) all (female)
1st Person	Male	مِنّيْ    (min-nee)   From, among, in, of me	مِنَّا  (min-naa)   (From, among, in, of) us all
	female

 

 

Table 16 - Use of Preposition لَ with Personal pronouns

 

	Gender	Single	Dual	Plural
3rd person	male	لَهٌ  (la-hu)   For, from, of him	لَهُمَا    (la-hu-maa)   For, from, of them both (male)	لَهُم    (la-hum)   For, from, of them all (male)
	female	لَهَا    (la-haa)   For, from, of her	لَهُمَا    (la-hu-maa)   For, from, of them both (female)	لَهُنَّ  (la-hun-na)   For, from, of them all (female)
2nd person	male	لَكَ    (la-ka)   For, from, of you (male)	لَكُمَا    (la-ku-maa)   For, from, of both of you (male)	لَكُمْ    (la-kum)   For, from, of you all (male)
	female	لَكِ    (la-kee)   For, from, of you (female)	لَكُمَا    (la-ku-maa)   For, from, of both of you (female)	لَهُنَّ    (la-hun-na)   For, from, of you all (female)
1st Person	male	لِيَ      (lee-ya) for, from, of me	لَنَا    (la-naa)   For, from, of us
	female

 

Table 17 - Use of Preposition عَنْ with Personal pronouns

 

	Gender	Single	Dual	Plural
3rd person	male	عَنْهُ    (an-hu)   For, from, on him	عَنْهُمَا    (an-hu-maa)   For, from, on them both	عَنْهُمْ    (an-hum)   For, from, on them all
	female	عَنْهَا    (an-haa)   For, from, on her	عَنهُمَا    (an-hu-maa)   For, from, on   them both (female)	عَنْهُنَّ    (an-hun-na)   For, from, on them all (female)
2nd person	male	عَنْكَ      (an-ka)   For, from, on you (male)	عَنْكُمَا    (an-ku-maa)   For, from, on you both (male)	عْنْكُمْ    (an-kum)   For, from, on you all (male)
	female	عَنْكِ    (an-kee)   For, from, on you (female)	عَنْكُمَا    (an-ku-maa)   For, from, on you both (female)	عَنْهُنَّ    (an-hun-na)   For, from, on you all (female)
1st Person	male	عَنِّي    (an-nee)   For, from, on me	عَنَّا    (an-naa)   For, from, on us
	female

 

Table 18 - Use of Preposition عَلٰى with Personal pronouns

 

	Gender	Single	Dual	Plural
3rd person	male	عَلِيْهِ    (alai-hee)   Against, over, for, upon him	عَلِيْهِمَا    (alai-himaa)   Against those two	عَلِيْهِمْ    (alai-him)   Against, over, for, upon him
	female	عَلِيْهَا    (alai-haa)   Against, over, for, upon him	عَلِيْهِمَا    (alai-himaa)   Against, over, for, upon him	عَلِيْهِنَّ  (alai-in-na)   Against, over, for, upon him
2nd person	male	عَلِيْكَ    (alai-ka)   Against, over, for, upon him	عَلِيْكُما    (alai-ku-maa)   Against, over, for, upon him	عَلِيْكُنَّ    (alai-kun-naa)   Against, over, for, upon him
	female	عَلِيْكِ    (alai-kee)   Against, over, for, upon him	عَلِيْكُمَا    (alai-ku-maa)   Against, over, for, upon him	عَلِيْهِنَّ    (alai-hin-na)   Against, over, for, upon him
1st Person	male	عَلَيَّ    (alai-ya)   Against, over, for, upon him	عَلِيْنَا    (alai-naa)   Against, over, for, upon him
	female

 

Table 19 - Use of Preposition اِلٰى with Personal pronouns

 

	Gender	Single	Dual	Plural
3rd person	male	اِلِيْهِ  (ilai-hee) To, at, for him	اِلِيْهِمَا  (ilai-himaa) To, at, for both of them (male)	اِلِيْهِمْ  (ilai-him) To, at, for them (male)
	female	اِلَيْهِا  (ilai-haa) To, at, for her	اِلِيْهِمَا  (ilai-himaa) To, at, for both of them (female)	اِلِيْهِنَّ  (ilai-hin-na) To, at, for them (female)
2nd person	male	اِلَيْكَ  (ilai-ka) To, at, for you (male)	اِلَيْكُمَا  (ilai-ku-maa) To, at, for both of you (male)	اِلَيْهِكُمْ  (ilai-kum) To, at, for all of you (male)
	female	اِلَيْكِ  (ilai-kee) To, at, for you (female)	اِلَيْكُمَا  (ilai-ku-maa) To, at, for both of you (female)	اِلَيْكُنَّ  (ilai-kun-na) To, at, for both of you (female)
1st Person	male	اِلَيَّ    (ilai-ya) To, at, for him/her	اِلَيْنَا  (ilai-naa) To, at, for 2 or more males/females
	female

 

 

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