4.1C/4.1C1 - Genitive Compound
C. Genitive Compound الْمُرَكَّبُ الجَّارِيْ
To understand a Genitive Compound, first, we need to know the Genitive Particle/ Prepositions in Arabic. Genitive Particles حَرْفُ الْجَرِّ har-fu jar-rin are equivalent to Prepositions and when used with a Noun, cause it to go into a Genitive جَرٌّ (jarr-un) State.
In Arabic, these are words/alphabets governing, and usually preceding, a noun or pronoun and expressing a relation to another word or element in the clause, as in “he is going towards the mosque”, or “I am with Zaid”. That is, prepositions are used to connect Nouns or Nouns and pronouns.
A Particle in this category is generally referred to as جَارٌ (jaa-run) and the Noun after it is called مَجْرَوْرٌ (maj-roo-run) and the compound is called a Compound الْمُرَكَّبُ الجَّارِيْ (al-murak-kab-uj Jaa-ri).
There are 17 prepositions or Particles of Jarr حَرُوْفُ الْجَرِّ huroof-ul jarri in Arabic as listed below:
For our purpose, we will be studying eleven of these since these are used commonly in Al-Qur’an shown below in Table 12.
Table 12 – Genitive جَرٌّ (jarr-un) Particles – Prepositions
| Particle | Meaning/Explanation | Example |
| بِ Be | This alphabet gives the meaning of “with” in Arabic | بِالْقَلَمِ bil qalami meaning with pen |
| تَ ta | Used in Al-Qur’an for an oath, that is only used for swearing by Allah SWT. | تَاللهِ tal-lahi meaning By God |
| كَ ka | Meaning “similar to”, Used for comparing, showing similarity |
كَالْقَمَرِ kal-qama-ri meaning “like moon” |
| لِ lee | Used for the word “for” | لِزَيْدٍ lee-Zaidin meaning “for Zaid” |
| وَ wa | Used for oath | وَاللهِ wal-lahi meaning by God (I swear to God) |
| مِنْ min | Meaning “from" | مِنَ البَيْتِ min-al-baiti meaning “from the house” |
| عَنْ un | Meaning “from (a person)” | عَن اَبِيْ هُرَيرَةَ Un abi-huraira-ta meaning “from Abu Hurairah” |
| عَلٰى alaa | Meaning “upon/on” | عَلَٰى الْكُرْسِيْ Alal-kursi meaning “on the chair” |
| حَتَّىٰ Hat-taa | Meaning “until” | حَتَّيٰ حِيْنٍ Hatta-heen meaning “until an appointed time” |
| فِيْ fee | Meaning “in/inside" | فِيْ الدُّنْيَا Fid-du-ni-ya meaning “in the world” |
| اِلَىٰ ilaa | Meaning “to/towards” | اِلٰي الْمَسْجِدِ Ilal-masjid meaning “towards masjid” |
Use of pronouns in a Genitive جَرٌّ (jarr-un) Compound
Some Genitive جَرٌّ (jarr-un) Particle/ Prepositions are used with pronouns also. Since Genitive جَرٌّ (jarr-un) Particle/Prepositions give Genitive جَرٌّ (jarr-un) state to the Noun, the pronouns used with these Particles are the ones in Genitive جَرٌّ (jarr-un) state which have been mentioned in the previous chapter. Following tables 13 through 17 show commonly used pronouns with Genitive جَرٌّ (jarr-un) Particle/Prepositions:
Table 13 - Use of Preposition ب with Personal Pronouns
|
| Gender | Single | Dual | Plural |
| 3rd person | male | بِهِ
Bihi
With, was, on him | بِهِمَا
Bihi-maa
With, was, on those two males | بِهِمْ
Bi-him
With, was, on them males |
| female | بِهَا
Bi-haa
With, was, on her | بِهِمَا
Bi-himaa
With, was, on those two females | بِهِنَّ
Bi-hinna
With, was, on all those females | |
| 2nd person | male | بِكَ
Bi-kaa
With, was, on you (male) | بِكُمَا
Bi-kumaa
With, was, on you two (males) | بِكُمْ
Bi-kum
With, was, on you all (males) |
| female | بِكِ
Bi-kee
With, was, on you (female) | بِكُمَا
Bi-kumaa
With, was, on you two (females) | بِكُنَّ
Bi-kun-na
With, was, on you all (females) | |
| 1st Person | male |
بِيْ
(Bee)
With, was, on me
|
بِنَا
(Bi-naa)
With, was, on us | |
| female | ||||
Table 14 - Use of Preposition فِيْ with Personal Pronouns
|
| Gender | Single | Dual | Plural |
| 3rd person | male | فِيْهِ
(Fee-he)
In, among, to, about him |
فِيْهِمَا
(Fee-hima)
In, among, to, about both (male) |
فِيْهِمْ
(Fee-him)
In, among, to, about them (male) |
| female | فِيْهَا
(Fee-haa)
In, among, to, about her | فِيْهِمَا
(Fee-himaa)
In, among, to, about both (female) | فِيْهِنَّ
(Fee-hinna)
In, among, to, about them (female)
| |
| 2nd person | male | فِيْكَ
(Fee-ka)
In, among, to, about you | فِيْكُمَا
(Fee-kuma)
In, among, to, about you both | فِيْكُمْ
(Fee-kum)
In, among, to, about you all (male) |
| female | فِيكِ
(Fee-ki)
In, among, to, about you (female) | فِيْكُمَا
(Fee-kuma)
In, among, to, about you both (female)
| فِيْكُنَّ
(Fee-kun-na)
In, among, to, about you all (female) | |
| 1st Person | male | فِيَّ
(Fee-ya)
In, among, to, about me
| فِيْنَا
(Fee-na)
In, among, to, about us | |
| female | ||||
Table 15 - Use of Preposition مِنْ with Personal pronouns
|
| Gender | Single | Dual | Plural |
| 3rd person | male | مِنْهُ
(min-hu)
From, among, in, of him | مِنْهُمَا
(min-hu-maa)
(From, among, in, of) both (males)
| مِنْهُمْ
(min-hum)
From them, among them/in them/of them
|
| female | مِنْهَا
(min-haa)
From, among, in, of her | مِنْهُمَا
(min-hu-maa)
(From, among, in, of) both (female)
| مِنْهُنَّ
(min-hun-naa)
(From, among, in, of) them (female) | |
| 2nd person | male | مِنْكُمْ
(min-kum)
From, among, in, of you
| مِنْكُمَا
(min-ku-maa)
(From, among, in, of) you both | مِنْكُمْ
(min-kum)
(From, among, in, of) you all (male) |
| female | مِنْكِ
(min-kee)
From, among, in, of you (female)
| مِنْكُمَا
(min-ku-maa)
(From, among, in, of) both (female) | مِنْكُنَّ
(min-kun-naa)
(From, among, in, of) all (female) | |
| 1st Person | Male | مِنّيْ
(min-nee)
From, among, in, of me | مِنَّا (min-naa)
(From, among, in, of) us all | |
| female | ||||
Table 16 - Use of Preposition لَ with Personal pronouns
|
| Gender | Single | Dual | Plural |
| 3rd person | male | لَهٌ (la-hu)
For, from, of him | لَهُمَا
(la-hu-maa)
For, from, of them both (male) | لَهُم
(la-hum)
For, from, of them all (male) |
| female | لَهَا
(la-haa)
For, from, of her | لَهُمَا
(la-hu-maa)
For, from, of them both (female) | لَهُنَّ (la-hun-na)
For, from, of them all (female) | |
| 2nd person | male | لَكَ
(la-ka)
For, from, of you (male) | لَكُمَا
(la-ku-maa)
For, from, of both of you (male) | لَكُمْ
(la-kum)
For, from, of you all (male) |
| female | لَكِ
(la-kee)
For, from, of you (female) | لَكُمَا
(la-ku-maa)
For, from, of both of you (female) | لَهُنَّ
(la-hun-na)
For, from, of you all (female) | |
| 1st Person | male | لِيَ
(lee-ya) for, from, of me | لَنَا
(la-naa)
For, from, of us | |
| female | ||||
Table 17 - Use of Preposition عَنْ with Personal pronouns
|
| Gender | Single | Dual | Plural |
| 3rd person | male | عَنْهُ
(an-hu)
For, from, on him | عَنْهُمَا
(an-hu-maa)
For, from, on them both | عَنْهُمْ
(an-hum)
For, from, on them all |
| female | عَنْهَا
(an-haa)
For, from, on her | عَنهُمَا
(an-hu-maa)
For, from, on
them both (female) | عَنْهُنَّ
(an-hun-na)
For, from, on them all (female) | |
| 2nd person | male | عَنْكَ
(an-ka)
For, from, on you (male) | عَنْكُمَا
(an-ku-maa)
For, from, on you both (male) | عْنْكُمْ
(an-kum)
For, from, on you all (male) |
| female | عَنْكِ
(an-kee)
For, from, on you (female) | عَنْكُمَا
(an-ku-maa)
For, from, on you both (female) | عَنْهُنَّ
(an-hun-na)
For, from, on you all (female) | |
| 1st Person | male | عَنِّي
(an-nee)
For, from, on me | عَنَّا
(an-naa)
For, from, on us
| |
| female | ||||
Table 18 - Use of Preposition عَلٰى with Personal pronouns
|
| Gender | Single | Dual | Plural |
| 3rd person | male | عَلِيْهِ
(alai-hee)
Against, over, for, upon him | عَلِيْهِمَا
(alai-himaa)
Against those two | عَلِيْهِمْ
(alai-him)
Against, over, for, upon him
|
| female | عَلِيْهَا
(alai-haa)
Against, over, for, upon him
| عَلِيْهِمَا
(alai-himaa)
Against, over, for, upon him
| عَلِيْهِنَّ (alai-in-na)
Against, over, for, upon him
| |
| 2nd person | male | عَلِيْكَ
(alai-ka)
Against, over, for, upon him
| عَلِيْكُما
(alai-ku-maa)
Against, over, for, upon him
| عَلِيْكُنَّ
(alai-kun-naa)
Against, over, for, upon him
|
| female | عَلِيْكِ
(alai-kee)
Against, over, for, upon him
| عَلِيْكُمَا
(alai-ku-maa)
Against, over, for, upon him
| عَلِيْهِنَّ
(alai-hin-na)
Against, over, for, upon him
| |
| 1st Person | male | عَلَيَّ
(alai-ya)
Against, over, for, upon him
| عَلِيْنَا
(alai-naa)
Against, over, for, upon him
| |
| female | ||||
Table 19 - Use of Preposition اِلٰى with Personal pronouns
|
| Gender | Single | Dual | Plural |
| 3rd person | male | اِلِيْهِ (ilai-hee) To, at, for him | اِلِيْهِمَا (ilai-himaa) To, at, for both of them (male)
| اِلِيْهِمْ (ilai-him) To, at, for them (male)
|
| female | اِلَيْهِا (ilai-haa) To, at, for her
| اِلِيْهِمَا (ilai-himaa) To, at, for both of them (female)
| اِلِيْهِنَّ (ilai-hin-na) To, at, for them (female)
| |
| 2nd person | male | اِلَيْكَ (ilai-ka) To, at, for you (male)
| اِلَيْكُمَا (ilai-ku-maa) To, at, for both of you (male)
| اِلَيْهِكُمْ (ilai-kum) To, at, for all of you (male)
|
| female | اِلَيْكِ (ilai-kee) To, at, for you (female) | اِلَيْكُمَا (ilai-ku-maa) To, at, for both of you (female) | اِلَيْكُنَّ (ilai-kun-na) To, at, for both of you (female) | |
| 1st Person | male | اِلَيَّ
(ilai-ya) To, at, for him/her
| اِلَيْنَا (ilai-naa) To, at, for 2 or more males/females
| |
| female | ||||
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