9/12.5 - Form IV. إِفْعَالًا if-aalan

Section 12.5 - Form IV. إِفْعَالًا if-'aalan

 

The form IV is called إِفْعَالًا (If-‘aalan).  The numbers of alphabets are always counted in the past tense. Past tense of this form is أَفْعَلَ af-‘a-laa and imperfect tense is يُفْعِلُ yuf-‘i-lu and its source Masdar is إِفْعَالًا if-‘aa-lan.  Note that beginning hamzah here is not a hamzah-tul Wasli ("connecting hamzah") هَمْزَةُ الْوَصْلِ. It is the (hamzah-tul Qat-'ee) disconnecting hamzah الْقَطْع هَمْزَةُ and is always pronounced.

 

The benefit of this form is that it changes the meaning of the Verb from normal action to a causative action or in other words from intransitive to transitive. For example, نَزَلَ na-za-lato أَنْزَلَ an-za-la. نَزَلَ na-za-la means to descend/ comedown. When changed to أَنْزَلَ an-za-la, it means to bring down gradually.

This is the most frequently used form in Al-Qur’an. The inflections for this and other augmentations are processed exactly as we did for the trilateral roots as shown in the table below:

 

Table 75 - Form IV Past tense أَفْعَلَ (af-a-la) Inflections

			single		dual		Plural
Absent 3rd person	Male	1	أَفْعَلَ   Af-‘ala	2	أَفْعَلَا   Af-‘alaa	3	أَفْعَلُوْا   Af-‘aloo
	Female	4	أَفْعَلَتْ   Af-‘alat	5	أَفْعَلَتَا   Af-‘al- taa	6	أَفْعلْنَ   Af-‘al- na
Present 2nd person	Male	7	أَفْعَلْتَ   Af-‘al- ta	8	أَفْعَلْتُمَا   Af-‘al- tu-maa	9	أَفْعَلْتُمْ   af-‘al- tum
	female	10	أَفْعَلْتِ   Af-‘al-ti	11	أَفْعَلْتُمَا   Af-‘al- tu-maa	12	أَفْعَلْتُنَّ Af-‘al- tun-na
Speaker 1st person	Male/female	13	أَفْعَلْتُ   Af-‘al- tu	14	أَفْعَلْنَا   Af-‘al-naa

Table 76 – Form IV Imperfect Tense يُفْعِلُ yuf-ee-lu Inflections 

	Gender		single		dual		plural
Absent 3rd person	Male	1	يُفْعِلُ   Yuf-‘i- lu	6	يُفْعِلَانِ   Yu-‘i- laa-ni	10	يُفْعِلُوْنَ   Yuf-‘i- loo-na
	Female	2	تُفْعِلُ   Tuf-‘i- lu	7	تُفْعِلَانِ   Yuf-‘i- laa-ni	11	يُفْعِلْنَ   Yuf-‘il- na
Present 2nd person	Male	3	تُفْعِلُ   Tuf-‘ilu	8	تُفْعِلَانِ   Tuf-‘il- laan-ni	12	تُفْعِلْوْنَ   Tuf-‘i-loo- na
	female	14	تُفْعِلِينَ   Tuf-‘ilee-na	9	تُفْعِلَانِ   Tuf-‘i- laa-ni	13	تُفْعِلْنَ   Tuf-‘il- na
Speaker 1st person	Male/ female	4	اُفْعِلُ   Uf-‘i- lu	5	نُفْعِلُ   Nuf-‘i-lu

Table 77 – Form IV  يُفْعِلُ أَفْعَلَ/ af-a-la/yuf-i-lu Examples

 

Qur’anic Example	four alphabet Form IV word and meaning	three alphabet root word and meaning	Three-alphabet root and its baab
Al-Baqara - Verse 153   يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اسْتَعِينُوا بِالصَّبْرِ وَالصَّلَاةِ   O you who have believed, seek help through patience and prayer	آمَنَ/ يُؤْمِنُ/ إِيْمَانًا   aa-ma-na/yu-mi-nu/ee-maa-nan to   believe/make safe/give security/ listen/accept	أَمِنَ/ يَأْمَنُ/ أَمْنًا،أَمَانًا   aa-mina/yaa-ma-nu/am-nan, amaa-nan   to be safe / feel safe / secure	ا م ن ك،س
Al-Baqara - Verse 269   يُؤْتِي الْحِكْمَةَ مَن يَشَاءُ   He gives wisdom to whom He wills	آتٰى/ يُؤْتِيْ/ إِيْتَاءً   aa-taa/yu-tee/ee-taa-an   to give /bestow with responsibilities / temporary	أَتَىٰ/ يَأْتِيْ/ إِتْيَانًا   a-taa/yaa-ti-it-yaa-nan   to come/ approach/ commit /attack / invade/take over	ا ت ي ض
Al-Qadr - Verse 1   إِنَّا أَنزَلْنَاهُ فِي لَيْلَةِ الْقَدْرِ   Indeed, We sent the Qur'an down during the Night of Decree	أَنْزَلَ/ يُنْزِلُ/ إِنْزَالًا   An-za-la/yun-zi-lu/in-zaa-lan   to send something down	نَزَلَ/ يُنْزِلُ/ نُزُوْلًا   Na-za-la/yun-zi-lu/nu-zoo-lan   to descend / come down	ن ز ل ض
As-Saaffaat - Verse 98   فَأَرَادُوا بِهِ كَيْدًا فَجَعَلْنَاهُمُ الْأَسْفَلِينَ   And they intended for him a plan, but We made them the most debased.	أَرَادَ/ يُرِيْدُ/ إِرَادَةً   Araa-da/yu-ree-du/iraa-da-tan   to intend, to desire, to want, to wish	رَادَ/ يَرُوْدُ/ رَوْدًا   Raa-da/ya-roo-du/raw-dan   to walk about / look or search for	ر و د ن
Al-Fil - Verse 3   وَأَرْسَلَ عَلَيْهِمْ طَيْرًا أَبَابِيلَ   And He sent against them birds in flocks	أَرْسَلَ/ يُرْسِلُ/ إِرْسَالًا   Ar-sa-la/yur-si-lu/ir-saa-lan   to send / dispatch / discharge / let flow	رَسِلَ/ يَرْسَلُ/ رِسَالَةً   Ra-si-la/yur-sa-lu/ri-saa-la-tan   to be long and flowing/smooth in pace also letter/ magazine	ر س ل س
Al-A'laa - Verse 4   وَالَّذِي أَخْرَجَ الْمَرْعَىٰ   And who brings out the pasture	أَخْرَجَ/ يُخْرِجُ/ إِخْرَاجًا   Akh-ra-ja/yukh-ri-ju/ikh-raa-jan   to send out/bring out/exclude/expell/deport/ produce	خرج/ يَخْرُجُ/ خُرُوج   Kha-ra-ja/yakh-ru-ju/khu-roo-jan   to exit / go out / leave	خ ر ج ن
An-Nisaa - Verse 80   مَّن يُطِعِ الرَّسُولَ فَقَدْ أَطَاعَ اللَّهَ   He who obeys the Messenger has obeyed Allah	أَطَاعَ/ يُطِيْعُ/ إِطَاعَةً   Ataa-’a/yu-tee-‘u/itaa-‘atan   to obey /comply /conform/pay attention willingly /be influenced	طَاعَ/ يَطُوْعُ/ طَاعَةً ، طَوْعً   Ta-’a/yatoo-‘u/taa-‘atan, taw-‘an   to obey/ comply/ conform/be obedient willingly	ط و ع ن
Az-Zalzala - Verse 5   بِأَنَّ رَبَّكَ أَوْحَىٰ لَهَا   Because your Lord has commanded it	أَوْحَىٰ/ يُوْحِيْ/ إِيْحَاءً   Aw-haa/yu-hee/ee-haa-an   to communicate, inform by revelation/by suggestion/by hinting/instigate/inspire	وَحٰى/ يَحِي/ وَحْيًا   Wa-haa/ya-hee/wa-hee-yan   to communicate with sign, sound or writing	و ح ي ض
Al-Kahf - Verse 38   لَّٰكِنَّا هُوَ اللَّهُ رَبِّي وَلَا أُشْرِكُ بِرَبِّي أَحَدًا   But as for me, He is Allah, my Lord, and I do not associate with my Lord anyone	أَشْرَكَ/يُشْرِكُ/إِشْرَاكًا   Ash-ra-ka/yush-ri-ku/ish-raa-kan   to associate / set partners / give share	شَرِكَ/يُشْرِكُ/شِرْكًا، شِرْكَةً   Sha-ri-ka/yash-ri-ku/shir-kan, shir-ka-tan   to share / be a partner	ش ر ك س
Al-Mulk - Verse 7   إِذَا أُلْقُوا فِيهَا سَمِعُوا لَهَا شَهِيقًا وَهِيَ تَفُورُ   When they are thrown into it, they hear from it, a [dreadful] inhaling while it boils up	أَلْقَىٰٓ/يُلْقِي/إِلْقَاءً   Al-qaa/yul-qee/il-qaa-an   to cast, to throw, to meet, to offer	لَقِيَ/يُلْقٰى/لِقَاءً   La-qi-ya/yul-qaa/li-qaa-an   to meet / encounter good or bad	ل ق ي س
Al-Baqara - Verse 3   وَمِمَّا رَزَقْنَاهُمْ يُنفِقُونَ   and spend out of what We have provided for them	أَنفَقَ/يُنْفِقُ/إِنْفَاقًا   An-fa-qa/yun-fi-qu/in-faa-qan   to spend /expend / disburse / layout	نَفِقَ/يَنْفَقُ/نَفْقًا، نِفَاقًا   Na-fi-qa-yan-fa-qu/naf-qan   to be spent/used up/perish/sell well active market	ن ف ق س،ن
Yusuf - Verse 8   إِذْ قَالُوا لَيُوسُفُ وَأَخُوهُ أَحَبُّ إِلَىٰ أَبِينَا   When they said, "Joseph and his brother are more beloved to our father than we	أَحَبَّ/يُحِبُّ، يُحْبِبُ   Ahab-ba/yu-hub-bu   to love, to like, adore	حَبَّ/يُحِبُّ/حُبًّا، مُحَبَّةً   Hab-ba/yu-hib-bu/mu-hab-ba-tan   to love / like	ح ب ب ض
Al-Baqara - Verse 156   الَّذِينَ إِذَا أَصَابَتْهُم مُّصِيبَةٌ   Who, when disaster strikes them	أَصَابَ/يُصِيْبُ/ إِصَابَةً   Asaa-ba/yu-dee-bu/isaa-ba-tan   to afflict /befall /hit /strike /reach /make fall /bestow /allot	صَابَ/يَصُوْبْ/ صَوْبًا   Saa-ba/ya-soo-bu/saw-ban   to hit the mark / be right	ص و ب ن
Yaseen - Verse 62   وَلَقَدْ أَضَلَّ مِنكُمْ جِبِلًّا كَثِيرًا   And he had already led astray from among you much of creation	أَضَلَّ/يُضِلُّ/إِضْلَالًا   Adal-la/yu-dil-lu/iz-laa-lan   to let go astray, to mislead	ضَلَّ/يُضِلُّ/ضِلَالً، ضِلَالَةً   Dal-la/yu-dil-lu/di-laa-la-tan   to go astray / get lost / be in error	ض ل ل ض

 

 

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