9/12.5 - Form IV. إِفْعَالًا if-aalan
Section 12.5 - Form IV. إِفْعَالًا if-'aalan
The form IV is called إِفْعَالًا (If-‘aalan). The numbers of alphabets are always counted in the past tense. Past tense of this form is أَفْعَلَ af-‘a-laa and imperfect tense is يُفْعِلُ yuf-‘i-lu and its source Masdar is إِفْعَالًا if-‘aa-lan. Note that beginning hamzah here is not a hamzah-tul Wasli ("connecting hamzah") هَمْزَةُ الْوَصْلِ. It is the (hamzah-tul Qat-'ee) disconnecting hamzah الْقَطْع هَمْزَةُ and is always pronounced.
The benefit of this form is that it changes the meaning of the Verb from normal action to a causative action or in other words from intransitive to transitive. For example, نَزَلَ na-za-lato أَنْزَلَ an-za-la. نَزَلَ na-za-la means to descend/ comedown. When changed to أَنْزَلَ an-za-la, it means to bring down gradually.
This is the most frequently used form in Al-Qur’an. The inflections for this and other augmentations are processed exactly as we did for the trilateral roots as shown in the table below:
Table 75 - Form IV Past tense أَفْعَلَ (af-a-la) Inflections
|
|
|
| single |
| dual |
| Plural
|
| | |
| |
| |
| |
| Absent 3rd person | Male | 1 | أَفْعَلَ
Af-‘ala | 2 | أَفْعَلَا
Af-‘alaa | 3 | أَفْعَلُوْا
Af-‘aloo |
| Female | 4 | أَفْعَلَتْ
Af-‘alat | 5 | أَفْعَلَتَا
Af-‘al- taa | 6 | أَفْعلْنَ
Af-‘al- na | |
| Present 2nd person | Male | 7 | أَفْعَلْتَ
Af-‘al- ta | 8 | أَفْعَلْتُمَا
Af-‘al- tu-maa | 9 | أَفْعَلْتُمْ
af-‘al- tum |
| female | 10 | أَفْعَلْتِ
Af-‘al-ti | 11 | أَفْعَلْتُمَا
Af-‘al- tu-maa | 12 | أَفْعَلْتُنَّ Af-‘al- tun-na | |
| Speaker 1st person | Male/female | 13 | أَفْعَلْتُ
Af-‘al- tu | 14 | أَفْعَلْنَا
Af-‘al-naa | ||
Table 76 – Form IV Imperfect Tense يُفْعِلُ yuf-ee-lu Inflections
| | Gender | | single |
| dual |
| plural |
| Absent 3rd person | Male | 1 | يُفْعِلُ Yuf-‘i- lu | 6 | يُفْعِلَانِ Yu-‘i- laa-ni | 10 | يُفْعِلُوْنَ Yuf-‘i- loo-na |
| Female | 2 | تُفْعِلُ Tuf-‘i- lu | 7 | تُفْعِلَانِ Yuf-‘i- laa-ni | 11 | يُفْعِلْنَ Yuf-‘il- na | |
| Present 2nd person | Male | 3 | تُفْعِلُ Tuf-‘ilu | 8 | تُفْعِلَانِ Tuf-‘il- laan-ni | 12 | تُفْعِلْوْنَ Tuf-‘i-loo- na |
| female | 14 | تُفْعِلِينَ Tuf-‘ilee-na | 9 | تُفْعِلَانِ Tuf-‘i- laa-ni | 13 | تُفْعِلْنَ Tuf-‘il- na | |
| Speaker 1st person | Male/ female | 4 | اُفْعِلُ Uf-‘i- lu | 5 | نُفْعِلُ Nuf-‘i-lu | ||
Table 77 – Form IV يُفْعِلُ أَفْعَلَ/ af-a-la/yuf-i-lu Examples
| Qur’anic Example | four alphabet Form IV word and meaning | three alphabet root word and meaning | Three-alphabet root and its baab |
| Al-Baqara - Verse 153 يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اسْتَعِينُوا بِالصَّبْرِ وَالصَّلَاةِ O you who have believed, seek help through patience and prayer | آمَنَ/ يُؤْمِنُ/ إِيْمَانًا
aa-ma-na/yu-mi-nu/ee-maa-nan to
believe/make safe/give security/ listen/accept | أَمِنَ/ يَأْمَنُ/ أَمْنًا،أَمَانًا
aa-mina/yaa-ma-nu/am-nan, amaa-nan to be safe / feel safe / secure | ا م ن ك،س |
| Al-Baqara - Verse 269 يُؤْتِي الْحِكْمَةَ مَن يَشَاءُ He gives wisdom to whom He wills | آتٰى/ يُؤْتِيْ/ إِيْتَاءً aa-taa/yu-tee/ee-taa-an
to give /bestow with responsibilities / temporary | أَتَىٰ/ يَأْتِيْ/ إِتْيَانًا
a-taa/yaa-ti-it-yaa-nan
to come/ approach/ commit /attack / invade/take over | ا ت ي ض
|
| Al-Qadr - Verse 1 إِنَّا أَنزَلْنَاهُ فِي لَيْلَةِ الْقَدْرِ Indeed, We sent the Qur'an down during the Night of Decree | أَنْزَلَ/ يُنْزِلُ/ إِنْزَالًا
An-za-la/yun-zi-lu/in-zaa-lan to send something down | نَزَلَ/ يُنْزِلُ/ نُزُوْلًا
Na-za-la/yun-zi-lu/nu-zoo-lan to descend / come down | ن ز ل ض |
| As-Saaffaat - Verse 98 فَأَرَادُوا بِهِ كَيْدًا فَجَعَلْنَاهُمُ الْأَسْفَلِينَ And they intended for him a plan, but We made them the most debased. | أَرَادَ/ يُرِيْدُ/ إِرَادَةً
Araa-da/yu-ree-du/iraa-da-tan to intend, to desire, to want, to wish | رَادَ/ يَرُوْدُ/ رَوْدًا
Raa-da/ya-roo-du/raw-dan to walk about / look or search for | ر و د ن |
| Al-Fil - Verse 3 وَأَرْسَلَ عَلَيْهِمْ طَيْرًا أَبَابِيلَ And He sent against them birds in flocks | أَرْسَلَ/ يُرْسِلُ/ إِرْسَالًا
Ar-sa-la/yur-si-lu/ir-saa-lan to send / dispatch / discharge / let flow | رَسِلَ/ يَرْسَلُ/ رِسَالَةً
Ra-si-la/yur-sa-lu/ri-saa-la-tan to be long and flowing/smooth in pace also letter/ magazine | ر س ل س |
| Al-A'laa - Verse 4 وَالَّذِي أَخْرَجَ الْمَرْعَىٰ And who brings out the pasture | أَخْرَجَ/ يُخْرِجُ/ إِخْرَاجًا
Akh-ra-ja/yukh-ri-ju/ikh-raa-jan to send out/bring out/exclude/expell/deport/ produce | خرج/ يَخْرُجُ/ خُرُوج
Kha-ra-ja/yakh-ru-ju/khu-roo-jan to exit / go out / leave | خ ر ج ن |
| An-Nisaa - Verse 80 مَّن يُطِعِ الرَّسُولَ فَقَدْ أَطَاعَ اللَّهَ He who obeys the Messenger has obeyed Allah | أَطَاعَ/ يُطِيْعُ/ إِطَاعَةً
Ataa-’a/yu-tee-‘u/itaa-‘atan to obey /comply /conform/pay attention willingly /be influenced | طَاعَ/ يَطُوْعُ/ طَاعَةً ، طَوْعً Ta-’a/yatoo-‘u/taa-‘atan, taw-‘an
to obey/ comply/ conform/be obedient willingly | ط و ع ن |
| Az-Zalzala - Verse 5 بِأَنَّ رَبَّكَ أَوْحَىٰ لَهَا Because your Lord has commanded it | أَوْحَىٰ/ يُوْحِيْ/ إِيْحَاءً
Aw-haa/yu-hee/ee-haa-an
to communicate, inform by revelation/by suggestion/by hinting/instigate/inspire | وَحٰى/ يَحِي/ وَحْيًا
Wa-haa/ya-hee/wa-hee-yan
to communicate with sign, sound or writing | و ح ي ض |
| Al-Kahf - Verse 38 لَّٰكِنَّا هُوَ اللَّهُ رَبِّي وَلَا أُشْرِكُ بِرَبِّي أَحَدًا But as for me, He is Allah, my Lord, and I do not associate with my Lord anyone | أَشْرَكَ/يُشْرِكُ/إِشْرَاكًا
Ash-ra-ka/yush-ri-ku/ish-raa-kan
to associate / set partners / give share | شَرِكَ/يُشْرِكُ/شِرْكًا، شِرْكَةً
Sha-ri-ka/yash-ri-ku/shir-kan, shir-ka-tan to share / be a partner | ش ر ك س |
| Al-Mulk - Verse 7 إِذَا أُلْقُوا فِيهَا سَمِعُوا لَهَا شَهِيقًا وَهِيَ تَفُورُ When they are thrown into it, they hear from it, a [dreadful] inhaling while it boils up | أَلْقَىٰٓ/يُلْقِي/إِلْقَاءً
Al-qaa/yul-qee/il-qaa-an
to cast, to throw, to meet, to offer | لَقِيَ/يُلْقٰى/لِقَاءً
La-qi-ya/yul-qaa/li-qaa-an to meet / encounter good or bad | ل ق ي س |
| Al-Baqara - Verse 3 وَمِمَّا رَزَقْنَاهُمْ يُنفِقُونَ and spend out of what We have provided for them | أَنفَقَ/يُنْفِقُ/إِنْفَاقًا
An-fa-qa/yun-fi-qu/in-faa-qan
to spend /expend / disburse / layout | نَفِقَ/يَنْفَقُ/نَفْقًا، نِفَاقًا
Na-fi-qa-yan-fa-qu/naf-qan to be spent/used up/perish/sell well active market | ن ف ق س،ن |
| Yusuf - Verse 8 إِذْ قَالُوا لَيُوسُفُ وَأَخُوهُ أَحَبُّ إِلَىٰ أَبِينَا When they said, "Joseph and his brother are more beloved to our father than we | أَحَبَّ/يُحِبُّ، يُحْبِبُ
Ahab-ba/yu-hub-bu to love, to like, adore | حَبَّ/يُحِبُّ/حُبًّا، مُحَبَّةً Hab-ba/yu-hib-bu/mu-hab-ba-tan
to love / like | ح ب ب ض |
| Al-Baqara - Verse 156 الَّذِينَ إِذَا أَصَابَتْهُم مُّصِيبَةٌ Who, when disaster strikes them | أَصَابَ/يُصِيْبُ/ إِصَابَةً
Asaa-ba/yu-dee-bu/isaa-ba-tan to afflict /befall /hit /strike /reach /make fall /bestow /allot | صَابَ/يَصُوْبْ/ صَوْبًا
Saa-ba/ya-soo-bu/saw-ban to hit the mark / be right | ص و ب ن |
| Yaseen - Verse 62 وَلَقَدْ أَضَلَّ مِنكُمْ جِبِلًّا كَثِيرًا And he had already led astray from among you much of creation | أَضَلَّ/يُضِلُّ/إِضْلَالًا
Adal-la/yu-dil-lu/iz-laa-lan to let go astray, to mislead | ضَلَّ/يُضِلُّ/ضِلَالً، ضِلَالَةً Dal-la/yu-dil-lu/di-laa-la-tan to go astray / get lost / be in error | ض ل ل ض |
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