9/12.3 - Form II. تَفْعِيْلًا taf-ee-lan
Section 12.3 - Form II. تَفْعِيْلًا taf-ee-lan
Form II is called تَفْعِيْلًا (taf-ee-lan). Past tense of this form is فَعَّلَ (fa'-'a-la) and imperfect tense is يُفَعِّلُ (yufa'-'i-loo) and its source (Masdar) is تَفْعِيْلًا taf-'ee-lan. The benefit of this form is that it also changes the meaning of the Verb from normal action to a causative action or in other words from intransitive to transitive. For example, نَزَلَ na-za-la to نَزَّلَ naz-za-la. نَزَلَ na-za-la means to descend/ comedown. When changed to نَزَّلَ naz-za-la, it means to bring down/send down. This is different from form IV in the sense that here the action is not gradual but rather in the meaning of bringing down/sending down all at once.
This is the another frequently used form in Al-Qur’an (besides form IV which is used the most). The inflections for this are also processed exactly as we did for the trilateral roots as shown in the table below:
Table 69 – Form II Past tense فَعَّلَ (fa’-'a-la) Inflections
| Gender |
| Single |
| Dual |
| Plural
|
Absent 3rd person | Male | 1 | فَعَّلَ Fa’-‘ala | 2 | فَعَّلَا Fa’-‘alaa | 3 | فَعَّلُوْا Fa’-‘aloo |
Female | 4 | فَعَّلَتْ Fa’-‘al-tu | 5 | فَعَّلَتَا Fa’-‘al-ta | 6 | فَعَّلْنَ Fa’-‘al-na | |
Present 2nd person | Male | 7 | فَعَّلْتَ Fa’-‘alat | 8 | فَعَّلْتُمَا F’a-‘al- tu- maa | 9 | فَعَّلْتُمْ Fa’-‘al- tum |
female | 10 | فَعَّلْتِ Fa’-‘al-ti | 11 | فَعَّلْتُمَا Fa’-‘al-tu- maa | 12 | فَعَّلْتُنَّ Fa’-‘al- tun- na | |
Speaker 1st person | Male/ female | 13 | فَعَّلْتُ Fa’-‘al-tu | 14 | فَعَّلْنَا Fa’-‘al-naa |
Table 70 – Form II Imperfect Tense يُفَعِّلُ (yufa’i-lu) Inflections
| Gender | | Single
|
| Dual
|
| Plural
|
Absent 3rd person | Male | 1 | يُفَعِّلُ Yu-fa’- ‘ilu | 6 | يُفَعِّلَانِ
Yu-fa’- ‘ilaa-ni | 10 | يُفَعِّلُوْنَ Yu-fa’- ‘iloo-na |
Female | 2 | تُفَعِّلُ Tu-fa’- ‘ilu | 7 | تُفَعِّلَانِ
tu-fa’- ‘ilaa-ni | 11 | يُفَعِّلْنَ Yu-fa’- ‘ilna | |
Present 2nd person | Male | 3 | تُفَعِّلُ Tu-fa’- ‘ilu | 8 | تُفَعِّلَانِ tu-fa’- ‘ilaa-ni | 12 | تُفَعِّلْوْنَ tu-fa’- ‘iloo-na |
female | 14 | تُفَعِّلِينَ Tu-fa’- ‘ilee-na | 9 | تُفَعِّلَانِ tu-fa’- ‘ilaa-ni | 13 | تُفَعِّلْنَ tu-fa’- ‘il-na | |
Speaker 1st person | Male/ female | 4 | اُفَعِّلُ oo-fa’- ‘ilu | 5 | نُفَعِّلُ Nu-fa’-‘ilu |
Table 71 - Form II يُفَعِّل فَعَّلَ/ Examples
Qur’anic Example | four alphabet Form II word and meaning | three alphabet root word and meaning | Three alphabet root and its baab |
At-Tin - Verse 7 فَمَا يُكَذِّبُكَ بَعْدُ بِالدِّينِ So, what yet causes you to deny the Recompense?
| كَذَّبَ/ يُكَذِّبُ/ تَكْذِيْبًا Kaz-za-ba/yu-kaz-ai-bu/tak-zee-nab
to deny / disbelieve | كَذَبَ/ يكْذِبُ/ كَذِبًا Ka-za-ba/yuk-zi-bu/kazi-ban
to lie / falsify | ك ذ ب ض |
Al-Insaan - Verse 23 إِنَّا نَحْنُ نَزَّلْنَا عَلَيْكَ الْقُرْآنَ تَنزِيلًا Indeed, it is We who have sent down to you, [O Muhammad], the Qur'an progressively. | نَزَّلَ/ يُنزِّلُ/ تنَزَيْلًا Naz-za-la/yu-naz-zi-lu/tan-zee-lan to send down gradually, to reveal | نَزَلَ/ يَنْزِلُ/ نُزُوْلًا Na-za-la/yun-zi-lu/nu-zoo-lan to descend / come down | ن ز ل ض |
Al-Qiyaama - Verse 13 يُنَبَّأُ الْإِنسَانُ يَوْمَئِذٍ بِمَا قَدَّمَ وَأَخَّرَ Man will be informed that Day of what he sent ahead and kept back. | نَبَّأَ/ يُنبِّئُ/ تَنْبِئً Nab-ba-aa/yu-nab-bi-u/ta-nab-bi-yan to inform/ apprise/ notify thoroughly foretell/ predict | نَبَأَ/ ينبَؤْ/ نَبْأً Na-ba-aa/yam-ba-u/nab-an to be high/ prominent / overcome/ turn away | ن ب أ ف |
Al-Hashr - Verse 1 سَبَّحَ لِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ Whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth exalts Allah | سَبَّحَ/يُسَبِّحُ/ تَسْبِيْحًا Sab-ba-ha/yu-sab-bi-hu/tas-bee-han To declare/ praise/ glorify/ float | سَبَحَ/يَسْبَحُ/سِبَاحةً Sa-ba-ha/yas-bi-hu-si-baa-ha-tan to float/swim/ be pre-occupied/ immersed/ praise | س ب ح ف |
Al-Ghaashiya - Verse 24 فَيُعَذِّبُهُ اللَّهُ الْعَذَابَ الْأَكْبَرَ Then Allah will punish him with the greatest punishment | عَذَّبَ/ يُعَذِّبُ/ تَعْذِيْبًا ‘Azza-ba/yu-az-zi-bu/ta-zee-ban to torture / punish / chastise / torment | عَذَبَ/يَعْذِبُ/ عَذْبًا ‘a-za-ba/ya-zi-bu/az-nan to impede / obstruct | ع ذ ب ك،ض |
Ar-Rahmaan - Verse 2 عَلَّمَ الْقُرْآنَ Taught the Qur'an | عَلَّمَ/ يُعلِّمُ/ تَعْلِيْمًا ‘Al-lama/yu-‘al-li-mu/ta’-lee-man to teach | عَلِمَ/ يَعَلَمُ/ عَلِمًا ‘Ali-ma/ya’-la-mu/’il-man to know /be aware of /be cognizant of | ع ل م س |
At-Tahrim - Verse 1 يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ لِمَ تُحَرِّمُ مَا أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ لَكَ O Prophet, why do you prohibit [yourself from] what Allah has made lawful for you | حَرَّمَ/ يُحرِّم/ تَحْرِيْمًا Har-ra-ma/yu-har-ri-mu/tah-ree-man to prohibit/ forbid/make unlawful/ declare sacred/ abstain/ refrain | حَرَمَ/ يَحَرِمُ/ حِرْمًا Hara-ma-yah-ri-mu/hir-man to be prohibited /deprived /dispossessed /excluded | ح ر م ض،ك،س |
As-Saaffaat - Verse 112 وَبَشَّرْنَاهُ بِإِسْحَاقَ نَبِيًّا مِّنَ الصَّالِحِينَ And We gave him good tidings of Isaac, a prophet from among the righteous | بَشِّرَ/ يُبْشِّرُ/ تَبْشِيْرًا Bash-sha-ra/yu-bash-shi-ru/tab-shee-ran to give good news / congratulate | بَشَرَ/ يَبْشِرُ/ بُشْرًا Ba-sha-ra/yab-shi-ru/bush-ran to rejoice/be delighted/ sprout/be manifest/ peel | ب ش ر ض،س |
Fussilat - Verse 18 وَنَجَّيْنَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَكَانُوا يَتَّقُونَ And We saved those who believed and used to fear Allah | نَجَّىٰ/ يُنَجِّيْ/ تَنْجِيَةً Naj-jaa/yu-naj-jee/tan-jia-tan to rescue / save <someone> / deliver | نَجَا/ يَنْجُوْ/ نَجَاءً Naja/yan-ju/na-jaa-an to be saved / escape / to confide a secret | ن ج و ن |
Al-Maaida - Verse 89 كَذَٰلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ آيَاتِهِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ Thus, does Allah make clear to you His verses that you may be grateful | بَيَّنَ/يُبَيِّنُ/تَبْيِيْنًا Baiy-ya-na/yu-baiy-ya-nu/tab-ee-nan to clarify/show explain/ demonstrate/ throw light | بَانَ/يَبِيْنُ/بَيَانًا Baa-na-ya-bee-nu/bayan-an To separate/ Be clear | ب ي ن ض |
Al-Qamar - Verse 45 سَيُهْزَمُ الْجَمْعُ وَيُوَلُّونَ الدُّبُرَ [Their] assembly will be defeated, and they will turn their backs [in retreat] | وَلَّىٰ/يُولِّي/ تَوْلِيَةً Wal-laa/yu-wal-li/tau-li-ya-tan to turn / retreat / recoil / assign / appoint | وَلِيَ/يَلِيْ/وَليًا Wa-li-ya/yal-i/wa-li-yan to follow/ succeed/ govern/lie next to/be near/be a friend/be loyal | و ل ي ح |
Al-Fajr - Verse 24 يَقُولُ يَا لَيْتَنِي قَدَّمْتُ لِحَيَاتِي He will say, "Oh, I wish I had sent ahead [some good] for my life." | قَدَّمَ/يُقَدِّمُ/ تَقْدِيْمًا Qad-dama-yu-qad-di-mu/taq-dee-man to send ahead/ forward/ advance/ invest/ present/serve/offer | قَدِمَ/يَقْدَمُ/ قَدْمًا، مَقْدَمًا Qa-di-ma/yaq-da-mu/qad-man, maq-da-man to arrive/reach/be old/ancient//proceed/ be in front | ق د م س،ن،ك |
Al-Mulk - Verse 5 وَلَقَدْ زَيَّنَّا السَّمَاءَ الدُّنْيَا بِمَصَابِيحَ And We have certainly beautified the nearest heaven with stars | زَيَّنَ/يُزِيِّنُ/تَزيِينًا Zaiy-ya-na/yu-Zaiy-yi-nu/taz-ee-nan to beautify / decorate / embellish / adorn | زَانَ/يَزِيْنُ/زِيْنَةً Zaa-na-ya-zee-nu/zee-na-tan to adorn / decorate | ز ي ن ض |
Al-Baqara - Verse 59 فَبَدَّلَ الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا قَوْلًا غَيْرَ الَّذِي قِيلَ لَهُمْ But those who wrongly changed [those words] to a statement other than that which had been said to them | بَدَّلَ/ يُبَدِّلُ/ تَبْدِيْلًا Tabad-da-la/yu-bad-di-lu/tab-dee-lan to replace/ change/ exchange/ substitute piecemeal | بَدَلَ/ يَبْدُلُ/ بَدْلًا Ba-da-la/yab-du-lu/bad-lan to replace / switch / shift / substitute /exchange | ب د ل ن |
Ar-Ra'd - Verse 2 ثُمَّ اسْتَوَىٰ عَلَى الْعَرْشِ ۖ وَسَخَّرَ الشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ then He established Himself above the Throne and subdued the sun and the moon | سَخَّرَ/ يُسَخِّرُ/ تَسْخِيْرًا Sakh-kha-ra/yu-sakh-kha-ru/tas-khee-ran to subdue /employ/ subject/ bring to submission | سَخِرَ/ يَسْخَرُ/ سَخَرًا، مَسَخَرًا Sa-khi-ra/as-kha-ru/sakh-ran/mas-kha-ran to mock / ridicule / deride / scoff at / jeer | س خ ر س |
An-Nisaa - Verse 164 وَكَلَّمَ اللَّهُ مُوسَىٰ تَكْلِيمًا And Allah spoke to Moses with [direct] speech | كَلَّمَ/ يُكَلِّمُ/ تَكْلِيْمًا Kal-la-ma/yu-kal-li-mu/tak-lee-man to speak / talk / address | كَلَمَ/ يَكْلَمُ/ كَلَمًا Ka-la-ma/yak-la-mu/kal-man to injure / wound/to address | ك ل م ف |
Al-A'laa - Verse 10 سَيَذَّكَّرُ مَن يَخْشَىٰ He who fears [Allah] will be reminded | ذَكَّرَ/ يُذكِّرُ/ تَذْكِيْرًا Zak-kara/yu-zak-ki-ru/taz-kee-ran to remind / call to attention / masculinize | ذَكَرَ/ يَذْكُرُ/ ذِكْرًا Za-ka-ra/yaz-ki-ru/zik-ran to mention / remember | ذ ك ر ن |
Ash-Shu'araa - Verse 207 مَا أَغْنَىٰ عَنْهُم مَّا كَانُوا يُمَتَّعُونَ They would not be availed by the enjoyment with which they were provided | مَّتَّعَ/ يُمَتِّعُ/ تَمْتِيْعًا Mat-ta-‘a/yumta-‘u/mut-‘aa-tan to supply / provide enjoyment / give provisions | مَتَعَ/ يَمْتَعُ/ مُتَعْةً Ma-ta-‘a/yam-ta-‘u/mu-ta’-tan to take away / carry away | م ت ع ف |
Hud - Verse 15 نُوَفِّ إِلَيْهِمْ أَعْمَالَهُمْ يْ is dropped from hereيُوَفِّيْ We fully repay them for their deeds | وَفَّىٰٓ/ يُوَفِّيْ/ تَوْفِيَةً Waf-faa/yaf-ee/wa-faa-tan, wa-faa-an to give in full / pay in full | وَفٰى/ يَفِيْ/ وَفَاةً،وَفَاءً Wa-faa/ya-fee/wa-faa-tan, wa-faa-an to fulfill/ redeem/ live up to/be perfect/ die | و ف ي ض |
Al-An'aam - Verse 98 قَدْ فَصَّلْنَا الْآيَاتِ لِقَوْمٍ يَفْقَهُونَ We have detailed the signs for a people who understand | فَصَّلَ/ يُفصِّلُ/ تَفْصِيْلًا Fas-sa-la/yu-fas-si-lu/taf-see-lan to elaborate/ be detailed/ make clear/ separate | فَصَلَ/ يُفْصِلُ/ فَصْلًا فُصُوْلًا, Fa-sa-la/yuf-si-lu/fu-soo-lan to separate/ set apart/ decide/ detach/ dismiss/ sack | ف ص ل ض |
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