9/12.3 - Form II. تَفْعِيْلًا taf-ee-lan

Section 12.3 - Form II. تَفْعِيْلًا taf-ee-lan

 

Form II is called تَفْعِيْلًا (taf-ee-lan).  Past tense of this form is فَعَّلَ (fa'-'a-la) and imperfect tense is يُفَعِّلُ (yufa'-'i-loo) and its source (Masdar) is تَفْعِيْلًا taf-'ee-lan. The benefit of this form is that it also changes the meaning of the Verb from normal action to a causative action or in other words from intransitive to transitive. For example, نَزَلَ na-za-la to نَزَّلَ naz-za-la. نَزَلَ na-za-la means to descend/ comedown. When changed to نَزَّلَ naz-za-la, it means to bring down/send down. This is different from form IV in the sense that here the action is not gradual but rather in the meaning of bringing down/sending down all at once.

This is the another  frequently used form in Al-Qur’an (besides form IV which is used the most). The inflections for this are also processed exactly as we did for the trilateral roots as shown in the table below:

 

Table 69 – Form II Past tense فَعَّلَ (fa’-'a-la) Inflections

	Gender		Single		Dual		Plural
Absent 3rd person	Male	1	فَعَّلَ   Fa’-‘ala	2	فَعَّلَا   Fa’-‘alaa	3	فَعَّلُوْا   Fa’-‘aloo
	Female	4	فَعَّلَتْ   Fa’-‘al-tu	5	فَعَّلَتَا   Fa’-‘al-ta	6	فَعَّلْنَ   Fa’-‘al-na
Present 2nd person	Male	7	فَعَّلْتَ   Fa’-‘alat	8	فَعَّلْتُمَا   F’a-‘al- tu- maa	9	فَعَّلْتُمْ   Fa’-‘al- tum
	female	10	فَعَّلْتِ   Fa’-‘al-ti	11	فَعَّلْتُمَا   Fa’-‘al-tu- maa	12	فَعَّلْتُنَّ   Fa’-‘al- tun- na
Speaker 1st person	Male/ female	13	فَعَّلْتُ   Fa’-‘al-tu	14	فَعَّلْنَا   Fa’-‘al-naa

 

 

Table 70 – Form II Imperfect Tense يُفَعِّلُ (yufa’i-lu) Inflections

	Gender		Single		Dual		Plural
Absent 3rd person	Male	1	يُفَعِّلُ   Yu-fa’- ‘ilu	6	يُفَعِّلَانِ   Yu-fa’- ‘ilaa-ni	10	يُفَعِّلُوْنَ   Yu-fa’- ‘iloo-na
	Female	2	تُفَعِّلُ   Tu-fa’- ‘ilu	7	تُفَعِّلَانِ   tu-fa’- ‘ilaa-ni	11	يُفَعِّلْنَ   Yu-fa’- ‘ilna
Present 2nd person	Male	3	تُفَعِّلُ   Tu-fa’- ‘ilu	8	تُفَعِّلَانِ   tu-fa’- ‘ilaa-ni	12	تُفَعِّلْوْنَ   tu-fa’- ‘iloo-na
	female	14	تُفَعِّلِينَ   Tu-fa’- ‘ilee-na	9	تُفَعِّلَانِ   tu-fa’- ‘ilaa-ni	13	تُفَعِّلْنَ   tu-fa’- ‘il-na
Speaker 1st person	Male/ female	4	اُفَعِّلُ   oo-fa’- ‘ilu	5	نُفَعِّلُ   Nu-fa’-‘ilu

 

Table 71 - Form II يُفَعِّل فَعَّلَ/ Examples

 

Qur’anic Example	four alphabet Form II word and meaning	three alphabet root word and meaning	Three alphabet root and its baab
At-Tin - Verse 7 فَمَا يُكَذِّبُكَ بَعْدُ بِالدِّينِ So, what yet causes you to deny the Recompense?	كَذَّبَ/ يُكَذِّبُ/ تَكْذِيْبًا Kaz-za-ba/yu-kaz-ai-bu/tak-zee-nab   to deny / disbelieve	كَذَبَ/ يكْذِبُ/ كَذِبًا Ka-za-ba/yuk-zi-bu/kazi-ban   to lie / falsify	ك ذ ب ض
Al-Insaan - Verse 23 إِنَّا نَحْنُ نَزَّلْنَا عَلَيْكَ الْقُرْآنَ تَنزِيلًا Indeed, it is We who have sent down to you, [O Muhammad], the Qur'an progressively.	نَزَّلَ/ يُنزِّلُ/ تنَزَيْلًا Naz-za-la/yu-naz-zi-lu/tan-zee-lan   to send down gradually, to reveal	نَزَلَ/ يَنْزِلُ/ نُزُوْلًا Na-za-la/yun-zi-lu/nu-zoo-lan to descend / come down	ن ز ل ض
Al-Qiyaama - Verse 13 يُنَبَّأُ الْإِنسَانُ يَوْمَئِذٍ بِمَا قَدَّمَ وَأَخَّرَ Man will be informed that Day of what he sent ahead and kept back.	نَبَّأَ/ يُنبِّئُ/ تَنْبِئً Nab-ba-aa/yu-nab-bi-u/ta-nab-bi-yan to inform/ apprise/ notify thoroughly  foretell/ predict	نَبَأَ/ ينبَؤْ/ نَبْأً Na-ba-aa/yam-ba-u/nab-an to be high/ prominent / overcome/ turn away	ن ب أ ف
Al-Hashr - Verse 1 سَبَّحَ لِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ Whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth exalts Allah	سَبَّحَ/يُسَبِّحُ/ تَسْبِيْحًا Sab-ba-ha/yu-sab-bi-hu/tas-bee-han To declare/ praise/ glorify/ float	سَبَحَ/يَسْبَحُ/سِبَاحةً Sa-ba-ha/yas-bi-hu-si-baa-ha-tan to float/swim/ be pre-occupied/ immersed/ praise	س ب ح ف
Al-Ghaashiya - Verse 24 فَيُعَذِّبُهُ اللَّهُ الْعَذَابَ الْأَكْبَرَ Then Allah will punish him with the greatest punishment	عَذَّبَ/ يُعَذِّبُ/ تَعْذِيْبًا ‘Azza-ba/yu-az-zi-bu/ta-zee-ban to torture / punish / chastise / torment	عَذَبَ/يَعْذِبُ/ عَذْبًا ‘a-za-ba/ya-zi-bu/az-nan to impede / obstruct	ع ذ ب ك،ض
Ar-Rahmaan - Verse 2 عَلَّمَ الْقُرْآنَ Taught the Qur'an	عَلَّمَ/ يُعلِّمُ/ تَعْلِيْمًا ‘Al-lama/yu-‘al-li-mu/ta’-lee-man to teach	عَلِمَ/ يَعَلَمُ/ عَلِمًا ‘Ali-ma/ya’-la-mu/’il-man to know /be aware of /be cognizant of	ع ل م س
At-Tahrim - Verse 1 يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ لِمَ تُحَرِّمُ مَا أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ لَكَ O Prophet, why do you prohibit [yourself from] what Allah has made lawful for you	حَرَّمَ/ يُحرِّم/ تَحْرِيْمًا Har-ra-ma/yu-har-ri-mu/tah-ree-man to prohibit/ forbid/make unlawful/ declare sacred/ abstain/ refrain	حَرَمَ/ يَحَرِمُ/ حِرْمًا Hara-ma-yah-ri-mu/hir-man to be prohibited /deprived /dispossessed /excluded	ح ر م ض،ك،س
As-Saaffaat - Verse 112 وَبَشَّرْنَاهُ بِإِسْحَاقَ نَبِيًّا مِّنَ الصَّالِحِينَ And We gave him good tidings of Isaac, a prophet from among the righteous	بَشِّرَ/ يُبْشِّرُ/ تَبْشِيْرًا Bash-sha-ra/yu-bash-shi-ru/tab-shee-ran to give good news / congratulate	بَشَرَ/ يَبْشِرُ/ بُشْرًا Ba-sha-ra/yab-shi-ru/bush-ran to rejoice/be delighted/ sprout/be manifest/ peel	ب ش ر ض،س
Fussilat - Verse 18 وَنَجَّيْنَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَكَانُوا يَتَّقُونَ And We saved those who believed and used to fear Allah	نَجَّىٰ/ يُنَجِّيْ/ تَنْجِيَةً   Naj-jaa/yu-naj-jee/tan-jia-tan to rescue / save <someone> / deliver	نَجَا/ يَنْجُوْ/ نَجَاءً Naja/yan-ju/na-jaa-an to be saved / escape / to confide a secret	ن ج و ن
Al-Maaida - Verse 89 كَذَٰلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ آيَاتِهِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ Thus, does Allah make clear to you His verses that you may be grateful	بَيَّنَ/يُبَيِّنُ/تَبْيِيْنًا Baiy-ya-na/yu-baiy-ya-nu/tab-ee-nan to clarify/show explain/ demonstrate/ throw light	بَانَ/يَبِيْنُ/بَيَانًا Baa-na-ya-bee-nu/bayan-an   To separate/ Be clear	ب ي ن ض
Al-Qamar - Verse 45 سَيُهْزَمُ الْجَمْعُ وَيُوَلُّونَ الدُّبُرَ [Their] assembly will be defeated, and they will turn their backs [in retreat]	وَلَّىٰ/يُولِّي/ تَوْلِيَةً Wal-laa/yu-wal-li/tau-li-ya-tan to turn / retreat / recoil / assign / appoint	وَلِيَ/يَلِيْ/وَليًا Wa-li-ya/yal-i/wa-li-yan to follow/ succeed/ govern/lie next to/be near/be a friend/be loyal	و ل ي ح
Al-Fajr - Verse 24 يَقُولُ يَا لَيْتَنِي قَدَّمْتُ لِحَيَاتِي He will say, "Oh, I wish I had sent ahead [some good] for my life."	قَدَّمَ/يُقَدِّمُ/ تَقْدِيْمًا Qad-dama-yu-qad-di-mu/taq-dee-man to send ahead/ forward/ advance/ invest/ present/serve/offer	قَدِمَ/يَقْدَمُ/ قَدْمًا، مَقْدَمًا Qa-di-ma/yaq-da-mu/qad-man, maq-da-man to arrive/reach/be old/ancient//proceed/ be in front	ق د م س،ن،ك
Al-Mulk - Verse 5 وَلَقَدْ زَيَّنَّا السَّمَاءَ الدُّنْيَا بِمَصَابِيحَ And We have certainly beautified the nearest heaven with stars	زَيَّنَ/يُزِيِّنُ/تَزيِينًا Zaiy-ya-na/yu-Zaiy-yi-nu/taz-ee-nan to beautify / decorate / embellish / adorn	زَانَ/يَزِيْنُ/زِيْنَةً Zaa-na-ya-zee-nu/zee-na-tan to adorn / decorate	ز ي ن ض
Al-Baqara - Verse 59 فَبَدَّلَ الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا قَوْلًا غَيْرَ الَّذِي قِيلَ لَهُمْ But those who wrongly changed [those words] to a statement other than that which had been said to them	بَدَّلَ/ يُبَدِّلُ/ تَبْدِيْلًا Tabad-da-la/yu-bad-di-lu/tab-dee-lan to replace/ change/ exchange/ substitute piecemeal	بَدَلَ/ يَبْدُلُ/ بَدْلًا Ba-da-la/yab-du-lu/bad-lan to replace / switch / shift / substitute /exchange	ب د ل ن
Ar-Ra'd - Verse 2 ثُمَّ اسْتَوَىٰ عَلَى الْعَرْشِ ۖ وَسَخَّرَ الشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ then He established Himself above the Throne and subdued the sun and the moon	سَخَّرَ/ يُسَخِّرُ/ تَسْخِيْرًا Sakh-kha-ra/yu-sakh-kha-ru/tas-khee-ran to subdue /employ/ subject/ bring to submission	سَخِرَ/ يَسْخَرُ/ سَخَرًا، مَسَخَرًا Sa-khi-ra/as-kha-ru/sakh-ran/mas-kha-ran to mock / ridicule / deride / scoff at / jeer	س خ ر س
An-Nisaa - Verse 164 وَكَلَّمَ اللَّهُ مُوسَىٰ تَكْلِيمًا And Allah spoke to Moses with [direct] speech	كَلَّمَ/ يُكَلِّمُ/ تَكْلِيْمًا Kal-la-ma/yu-kal-li-mu/tak-lee-man to speak / talk / address	كَلَمَ/ يَكْلَمُ/ كَلَمًا Ka-la-ma/yak-la-mu/kal-man to injure / wound/to address	ك ل م ف
Al-A'laa - Verse 10 سَيَذَّكَّرُ مَن يَخْشَىٰ He who fears [Allah] will be reminded	ذَكَّرَ/ يُذكِّرُ/ تَذْكِيْرًا Zak-kara/yu-zak-ki-ru/taz-kee-ran to remind / call to attention / masculinize	ذَكَرَ/ يَذْكُرُ/ ذِكْرًا Za-ka-ra/yaz-ki-ru/zik-ran to mention / remember	ذ ك ر ن
Ash-Shu'araa - Verse 207 مَا أَغْنَىٰ عَنْهُم مَّا كَانُوا يُمَتَّعُونَ They would not be availed by the enjoyment with which they were provided	مَّتَّعَ/ يُمَتِّعُ/ تَمْتِيْعًا Mat-ta-‘a/yumta-‘u/mut-‘aa-tan to supply / provide enjoyment / give provisions	مَتَعَ/ يَمْتَعُ/ مُتَعْةً Ma-ta-‘a/yam-ta-‘u/mu-ta’-tan to take away / carry away	م ت ع ف
Hud - Verse 15 نُوَفِّ إِلَيْهِمْ أَعْمَالَهُمْ يْ is dropped from hereيُوَفِّيْ   We fully repay them for their deeds	وَفَّىٰٓ/ يُوَفِّيْ/ تَوْفِيَةً Waf-faa/yaf-ee/wa-faa-tan, wa-faa-an to give in full / pay in full	وَفٰى/ يَفِيْ/ وَفَاةً،وَفَاءً Wa-faa/ya-fee/wa-faa-tan, wa-faa-an to fulfill/ redeem/ live up to/be perfect/ die	و ف ي ض
Al-An'aam - Verse 98 قَدْ فَصَّلْنَا الْآيَاتِ لِقَوْمٍ يَفْقَهُونَ We have detailed the signs for a people who understand	فَصَّلَ/ يُفصِّلُ/ تَفْصِيْلًا Fas-sa-la/yu-fas-si-lu/taf-see-lan to elaborate/ be detailed/ make clear/ separate	فَصَلَ/ يُفْصِلُ/ فَصْلًا فُصُوْلًا, Fa-sa-la/yuf-si-lu/fu-soo-lan to separate/ set apart/ decide/ detach/ dismiss/ sack	ف ص ل ض

 

 

 

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