Worked Example: Analysing a Qur'anic Sentence – Beginners Grammar Appendix

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Arabic Grammar for Beginners · Appendix
قَوَاعِدُ اللُّغَةِ الْعَرَبِيَّةِ لِلْمُبْتَدِئِينَ

Morphology and Linguistic Analysis

by Ibn Qutb

 


Suratul An’aam Ayah 162

                                                                                                                           

قُلْ إِنَّ صَلَاتِي وَنُسُكِي وَمَحْيَايَ وَمَمَاتِي لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ (6:162)

 




Idiomatic Translation

Say (O Mohammed) that my prayers, my sacrifices, my life and my death are for Allah (Subhanahu wa Ta’ala), the sustainer of the worlds.

                                               

 

***

 

 

The analysis in text, word by word

The charts above give the analysis as images. Here it is in full, so you can read it on any device and copy the Arabic.

WordRootKindRole and case
قُلْق و لimperative verb"Say"; its subject is the hidden pronoun أَنْتَ (you)
إِنَّ—particle of emphasismakes its noun accusative and its predicate nominative
صَلَاتِيص ل وnoun + pronoun يnoun of إِنَّ, accusative (the vowel is hidden by the ي); ي is the possessor
وَنُسُكِين س كnoun + pronounjoined to صَلَاتِي by وَ, so also accusative: my rites, my sacrifice
وَمَحْيَايَح ي يverbal noun on مَفْعَلٌjoined, accusative: my living
وَمَمَاتِيم و تverbal noun on مَفْعَلٌjoined, accusative: my dying
لِلَّهِ—preposition + nounthe predicate of إِنَّ: [are] for Allah
رَبِّر ب بnoundescribes اللَّهِ, so genitive like it; first part of a possessive phrase
الْعَالَمِينَع ل مnoun, plural formsecond part of the possessive phrase, genitive with ـِينَ

What the analysis shows

  • The sentence after قُلْ is a nominal sentence introduced by إِنَّ, with four joined nouns as its noun and one phrase as its predicate.
  • All four things, prayer, sacrifice, life and death, share one predicate: لِلَّهِ. Nothing in a believer's life is left outside it.
  • مَحْيَا and مَمَات are verbal nouns on the pattern مَفْعَلٌ (see lesson 13.9); in another context the same pattern names a place or time (lesson 13.3).

Word for word: Say: indeed my prayer, and my rites, and my living, and my dying [are] for Allah, Lord of the worlds.

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