9/12.91 - Form X. اِسْتِفْعَالًا Istef-‘alan
Section 12.10 - Form X. اِسْتِفْعَالًا Istef-‘alan
Form VIII is called اِسْتِفْعَالًا(is-tef-‘aa-lan). Past tense of this form is اِسْتَفْعَلَ (is-taf-‘ala) and imperfect tense is يَسْتَفْعِلُ (yas-taf-‘ilu) and its source (Masdar) is اِسْتِفْعَالًا. The benefit of this form is that it also changes the meaning of the Verb from normal action to that of an action with requesting/asking something for yourself. For example, غَفَرَ gha-fa-ra to اِسْتَغْفَرَ is-tagh-fa-ra. غَفَرَ gha-fa-ra means to forgive. When changed to اِسْتَغْفَرَ is-tagh-fa-ra, it means to ask for forgiveness.
The inflections for this are shown in the table below:
Table 89 – Form X Past tense اِسْتَفْعَلَ (is-taf-ala) Inflections
|
|
|
| Single
|
| Dual
|
| Plural
|
| Absent 3rd person | Male | 1 | اِسْتَفْعَلَ
Is-taf- ‘a-la | 2 | اِسْتَفْعَلَا Is-ta- ‘alaa | 3 | اِسْتَفْعَلُوْا
Is-taf- ‘aloo |
| Female | 4 | اِسْتَفْعَلَتْ
Is-taf- ‘alat | 5 | اِسْتَفْعَلَتَا
Is-taf- ‘al-taa | 6 | اِسْتَفْعَلْنَ Is-taf- ‘al-na | |
| Present 2nd person | Male | 7 | اِسْتَفْعَلْتَ
Is-taf- ‘al-ta | 8 | اِسْتَفْعَلْتُمَا
Is-taf- ‘al-tu-maa | 9 | اِسْتَفْعَلْتُمْ Is-taf- ‘al-tum |
| female | 10 | اِسْتَفْعَلْتِ
Is-taf- ‘al-ti | 11 | اِسْتَفْعَلْتُمَا
Is-taf- ‘al-tu-maa | 12 | اِسْتَفْعَلْتُنَّ
Is-taf-‘al- Tun-na | |
| Speaker 1st person | Male/ female | 13 | اِسْتَفْعَلْتُ
Is-ta- ‘al-tu | 14 | اِسْتَفْعَلْنَا
Is-taf-‘al-naa | ||
Table 90 – Form X Imperfect Tense يَسْتَفْعِلُ (yas-taf-ee-lu) Inflections
| | Gender
| | Single
|
| Dual
|
| Plural
|
| Absent 3rd person | Male | 1 | يَسْتَفْعِلُ
Yas-taf- ‘i-lu | 6 | يَسْتَفْعِلُانِ
Yas-taf- ‘i-laa-ni | 10 | يَسْتَفْعِلُوْنَ
Yas-taf- ‘i-loo-na |
| Female | 2 | تَسْتَفْعِلُ
tas-taf- ‘i-lu | 7 | تَسْتَفْعِلُانِ
tas-taf- ‘i-laa-ni | 11 | يَسْتَفْعِلُنَ
Yas-taf- ‘il-na | |
| Present 2nd person | Male | 3 | تَسْتَفْعِلُ
tas-taf- ‘i-lu | 8 | تَسْتَفْعِلُانِ
tas-taf- ‘i-laa-ni | 12 | تَسْتَفْعِلْوْنَ
tas-taf- ‘i-loo-na |
| female | 14 | تَسْتَفْعِلُينَ
Tas-taf- ‘i-lee-na | 9 | تَسْتَفْعِلُانِ
tas-taf- ‘i-laa-ni | 13 | تَسْتَفْعِلُنَ
tas-taf- ‘il-na | |
| Speaker 1st person | Male/female | 4 | اَسْتَفْعِلُ
as-taf- ‘i-lu | 5 | نَسْتَفْعِلُ
Nas-taf-’i-lu | ||
Table 91 - Form X - اِسْتَفْعَلَ/ يَسْتَفْعِلُ is-taf-a-la/yas-taf-i-lu Examples
| Qur’anic Example | four alphabet form VII past/imperfect/ Infinitive and Infinitive meaning | three alphabet Form I past/imperfect/ Infinitive and Infinitive meaning | three alphabet root with form |
| Yaseen - Verse 67 فَمَا اسْتَطَاعُوا مُضِيًّا وَلَا يَرْجِعُونَ So, they would not be able to proceed, nor could they return | اِسْتَطَاعَ/ يَسْتَطِيْعُ/ اِسْتِطَاعَةً Is-ti-ta-‘a/yas-ta-tee-‘u/is-ti-taa-‘atan
to be able to / can / capable of | طَاعَ/ يَطُوْعُ/ طَاعَةً Taa-‘a/ya-too-‘u/taa-‘atan
to obey/comply/ conform/be obedient willingly | ط و ع ن |
| An-Nisaa - Verse 106 وَاسْتَغْفِرِ اللَّهَ ۖ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ غَفُورًا رَّحِيمً And seek forgiveness of Allah. Indeed, Allah is ever Forgiving and Merciful. | اِسْتَغْفَرَ/ يَسْتَغْفِرُ/ اِسْتِغْفَارًا Is-tagh-fa-ra/yas-tagh-fi-ru/is-tigh-faa-ran
to seek / ask for forgiveness / pray for pardon | غَفَرَ/ يَغْفِرُ/ مَغْفِرَةً، غُفْرَانًا Gha-fa-ra/ygh-fi-ru/magh-fi-ra-ta, guf-ra-nan
to forgive / pardon / cover / conceal / rectify | غ ف ر ض |
| Al-Baqara - Verse 34 وَإِذْ قُلْنَا لِلْمَلَائِكَةِ اسْجُدُوا لِآدَمَ فَسَجَدُوا إِلَّا إِبْلِيسَ أَبَىٰ وَاسْتَكْبَرَ وَكَانَ مِنَ الْكَافِرِينَ And [mention] when We said to the angels, "Prostrate before Adam"; so they prostrated, except for Iblees. He refused and was arrogant and became of the disbelievers. | اِسْتَكْبَرَ/ يَسْتَكْبِرُ/ اِسْتِكْبَارًا
Is-tak-ba-ra/yas-tak-bi-ru/ist-tik-baa-ran to try to show arrogance/seek own greatness /proud /boastful | كَبُرَ/ يَكْبُرُ/ كِبْرًا Ka-bu-ra/yak—bu-ru/kib-ran
to be big, great / grow / be a big deal / be older | ك ب ر ك،ن |
| Ash-Shura - Verse 38 وَالَّذِينَ اسْتَجَابُوا لِرَبِّهِمْ And those who have responded to their lord | اِسْتَجَابَ/ يَسْتَجِيْبُ/ اِسْتِجَابَةً Is-ti-jaa-ba/yas-ta-jee-bu/is-tejaa-ba-tan
to try to respond/comply with/accede to/listen to | جَابَ/ يَجُوْبُ/ جَوْبًا Jaa-ba/ya-joo-bu/jow-ban
to travel / explore / pierce / bore | ج و ب ن |
| Al-Baqara - Verse 15 اللَّهُ يَسْتَهْزِئُ بِهِمْ [But] Allah mocks them | اِسْتَهْزِئَ/ يَسْتَهْزِئُ/ اِسْتِهْزَاءً Is-tah-zee-a/yas-tah-zee-yu/is-teh-zaa-an
to mock / ridicule / scoff / make fun | هَزِئَ/ يَهْزَأ/ هُزُؤًا Ha-zi-ya/yah-zaa/huzoo-wan
to mock / make fun / string along | ه ز ء س |
| As-Saaffaat - Verse 176 أَفَبِعَذَابِنَا يَسْتَعْجِلُونَ Then for Our punishment are they impatient? | اِسْتَعْجَلَ/ يَسْتَعْجِلُ/ اِسْتِعْجَالًا Is-ta’-ja-la/yas-ta’-ji-lu/iste’-jaa-lan
to be busy / rush / hasten / wish to hasten | عَجِلَ/ يَعْجَلُ/ عُجْلَةً ‘a-jila/ya’-ja-lu/’uj-la-tan
to be in a hurry/speed /hasten /not wait patiently | ع ج ل س |
| At-Tawba - Verse 44 لَا يَسْتَأْذِنُكَ الَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ Those who believe in Allah and the Last Day would not ask permission of you | اِسْتَـْٔذَنَ/ يَسْتَأْذِنُ/ اِسْتِئْذَانًا Is-te-za-na/yas-taa-zi-nu/is-te-zaa-nan
to seek permission | أَذِنَ/ يَأْذَنُ/ إِذْنًا e-za-na/ya-za-nu/ez-nan
to permit/allow/ learn | ء ذ ن س |
| At-Takwir - Verse 28 لِمَن شَاءَ مِنكُمْ أَن يَسْتَقِيمَ For whoever wills among you to take a right course | اِسْتَقَامَ/ يَسْتْقِيْمُ/ اِسْتِقَامَةً Is-te-qaa-ma/yas-ta-qee-mu/is-te-qaa-ma-tan
to straighten up/stand upright/become straight/be right, proper/pursue a correct course of action and not deviate | قَامَ/ يَقُوْمُ/ قِيْامًا
Qaa-ma/ya-qq-mu/qa-yaa-man
to get up/ stand up/exist /watch over / be in charge | ق و م ن |
| Al-Baqara - Verse 26 إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَسْتَحْيِي أَن يَضْرِبَ مَثَلًا مَّا بَعُوضَةً Indeed, Allah is not shy to present an example - that of a mosquito | اِسْتَحِىْ/ يَسْتَحيِي/ اِسْتِحْيَاءً Is-ta-hee/yas-ta-hee/is-teh-yaa-an
to feel shy/ ashamed of/ embarrassed/ let live/ keep alive | حَيَّ / يَحيٰي/ حَيْاةً Haiy-ya/yah-ya/ha-yaa-tan
to live / be alive | ح ي ي س |
| Saba - Verse 33 وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ اسْتُضْعِفُوا لِلَّذِينَ اسْتَكْبَرُوا Those who were oppressed will say to those who were arrogant | اِسْتَضْعَفَ/ يَسْتَضْعِفُ/اِسْتِضْعَافًا Is-tad-‘a-faa/yas-tad-‘i-fu/is-ted-‘a-fan
to incapacitate /make helpless/ persecute /oppress/deem weak | ضَعُفَ/ يَضْعُفُ/ ضُعْفًا Da-‘u-fa/yad-‘u-fu/du’-fan
to be weak / feeble / frail / deficient | ض ع ف ك |
| Aal-Imran - Verse 171 يَسْتَبْشِرُونَ بِنِعْمَةٍ مِّنَ اللَّهِ وَفَضْلٍ They receive good tidings of favor from Allah and bounty | اِسْتَبْشَرَ/ يَسْتَبْشِرُ/ اِسْتِبْشَارًا Is-tab-sha-ra/yas-tab-shi-ru/is-teb-shaa-ran
to rejoice / be delighted / be congratulated | بَشَرَ/ يَبْشِرُ/ بُشْرًا Ba-sha-ra/yab-shi-ru/bush-ran
to rejoice/be delighted/ sprout/be manifest/peel | ب ش ر ض،س |
