Sarf and Nahw Summary: 5.5 - Verb and Sila (Preposition)
5.5 -Verb and Sila (Preposition)
Verb Plus Preposition Usage
فِعْلٌ + صِلَةُ الْفِعْلِ
Prepositions that change the meaning of the Verb
1. اَتَىٰWithout Preposition means “he came”.
An-Nahl - Verse 1
أَتَىٰ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ
“The command of Allah is coming”
2. اَتَىٰwith proposition بِ means “He brought”.
Ash-Shu’raa Verse 31
قَالَ فَأْتِ بِهِ إِن كُنتَ مِنَ الصَّادِقِينَ
[Pharaoh] said, "Then bring it, if you should be of the truthful."
فَأْتُوا بِسُورَةٍ مِّن مِّثْلِهِ
then bring a surah like this
3. بَغَىٰ Without Preposition means Sought, desired, wronged, envied, oppressed, transgressed,
Ash-Shura - Verse 27
لَبَغَوْا فِيْ الْأَرْضِ
they would have wronged throughout the earth
4. بَغَىٰ with عَلَىٰmeans “was unjust, did wrong”
Al-Qasas - Verse 76
إِنَّ قَارُونَ كَانَ مِن قَوْمِ مُوسَىٰ فَبَغَىٰ عَلَيْهِمْ
Indeed, Qarun was from the people of Moses, but he was unjust to them
Saad - Verse 22
بَغَىٰ بَعْضُنَا عَلَىٰ بَعْضٍ
They said, "Fear not. [We are] two adversaries, one of whom has wronged the other
5. تَابَWithout Preposition means “repented”
Al-Furqaan - Verse 70
إِلَّا مَن تَابَ وَآمَنَ وَعَمِلَ عَمَلًا صَالِحًا
Except for those who repent, believe, and do righteous work
6. تَابَwithإِلَىٰ means “repented”
Al-Furqaan - Verse 71
وَمَن تَابَ وَعَمِلَ صَالِحًا فَإِنَّهُ يَتُوبُ إِلَى اللَّهِ مَتَابًا
And he who repents and does righteousness does indeed turn to Allah with [accepted] repentance.
7. تَابَwith عَلَىٰ means “Accepted the repentance”
Al-Baqara - Verse 37
فَتَلَقَّىٰ آدَمُ مِن رَّبِّهِ كَلِمَاتٍ فَتَابَ عَلَيْهِ ۚ
Then Adam received from his Lord [some] words, and He accepted his repentance
8. جَاءَWithout Preposition means “ Came, arrived”
An-Nasr - Verse 1
إِذَا جَاءَ نَصْرُ اللَّهِ وَالْفَتْحُ
When the victory of Allah has come and the conquest
9. جَاءَwith بِ means “brought”
Al-Baqara - Verse 92
وَلَقَدْ جَاءَكُم مُّوسَىٰ بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ
And Moses had certainly brought you clear proofs
10.ذَهَبَWithout Preposition means “went”
Al-Anbiyaa - Verse 87
وَذَا النُّونِ إِذ ذَّهَبَ مُغَاضِبًا
And [mention] the man of the fish, when he went off in anger
11. ذَهَبَ with بِ means “Took away”
Al-Baqara - Verse 17
ذَهَبَ اللَّهُ بِنُورِهِمْ
Allah took away their light
12.ذَهَبَ with عَنْ means “Went away, Left”
Hud - Verse 74
فَلَمَّاذَهَبَ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ
And when the fright had left Abraham
13.رَضِيَWithout Preposition means “Contented, pleased, happy, satisfied, agreed, approved”
An-Nisaa - Verse 108
لَا يَرْضَىٰ مِنَ الْقَوْلِ
He does not approve of the speech
14.رَضِيَwith عَنْ means “Pleased with”.
Al-Bayyina - Verse 8
رّضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ وَرَضُوا عَنْهُۚ
Allah is pleased with them and they with Him
15.ضَرَبَWithout Preposition means “Strike, hit, brat”
Al-Baqara - Verse 60
فَقُلْنَا اضْرِب بِّعَصَاكَ الْحَجَرَ
We said, "Strike with your staff the stone."
16.ضَرَبَwith فِيْ means “Went forth, strove, presented”
Ar-Room - Verse 58
وَلَقَدْ ضَرَبْنَا لِلنَّاسِ فِيْ هَٰذَا الْقُرْآنِ مِن كُلِّ مَثَلٍ
And We have certainly presented to the people in this Qur'an from every [kind of] example
17.ضَرَبَ with لِ means “mentioned”
An-Nahl - Verse 74
فَلَا تَضْرِبُوا لِلَّهِ الْأَمْثَالَ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَعْلَمُ وَأَنتُمْ لَا تَعْلَمُونَ
So do not assert, mention similarities to Allah. Indeed, Allah knows and you do not know.
18.ضَرَبَwith عَلَى means “Struck upon, overshadowed, humiliated, cast “
Aal-Imran - Verse 112
ضُرِبَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الذِّلَّةُ
They have been put under humiliation [by Allah]
Al-Kahf - Verse 11
فَضَرَبْنَا عَلَىٰ آذَانِهِمْ فِيْ الْكَهْفِ سِنِينَ عَدَدًا
So, We cast [a cover of sleep] over their ears within the cave for a number of years
19.ضَرَبَwith مَثَلًا means “Gave example, presented example”
Yaseen - Verse 78
وَضَرَبَ لَنَا مَثَلًا وَنَسِيَ خَلْقَهُ
And he presents for Us an example and forgets his [own] creation
20.عَفَاWithout Preposition means “abound”
Ash-Shura - Verse 40
فَمَنْ عَفَا وَأَصْلَحَ فَأَجْرُهُ عَلَى اللَّهِ
but whoever forgives and makes reconciliation - his reward is [due] from Allah
21.عَفَاwith عَنْ means “forgave”
Al-Baqara - Verse 187
عَلِمَ اللَّهُ أَنَّكُمْ كُنتُمْ تَخْتَانُونَ أَنفُسَكُمْ فَتَابَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَعَفَا عَنكُمْ ۖ
Allah knows that you used to deceive yourselves, so He accepted your repentance and forgave you
22.قَضَىٰWithout Preposition means “Decreed, fulfilled “
Aal-Imran - Verse 47
إِذَا قَضَىٰ أَمْرًا فَإِنَّمَا يَقُولُ لَهُ كُن فَيَكُونُ
When He decrees a matter, He only says to it, 'Be,' and it is.
23.قَضَىٰwith بَيْنَ means “judged”
Yunus - Verse 47
قُضِيَ بَيْنَهُم بِالْقِسْطِ
it will be judged between them with justice
24.قَضَىٰwith عَلَىٰ means “Terminate, finish, conclude”
Hud - Verse 44
وَقُضِيَ الْأَمْرُ وَاسْتَوَتْ عَلَى الْجُودِيِّ
the matter was accomplished, and the ship came to rest (terminated) on the [mountain of] Judiyy
25.وَضَعَWithout Preposition means “Put, laid down, raised, imposed”
Ar-Rahmaan - Verse 7
وَالسَّمَاءَ رَفَعَهَا وَوَضَعَ الْمِيزَانَ
And the heaven He raised and imposed the balance
26.وَضَعَwith عَنْ means “removed”
Ash-Sharh - Verse 2
وَوَضَعْنَا عَنكَ وِزْرَكَ
And We removed from you your burden
27.وَلّٰىٰWithout Preposition means “Turned, caused to turn”
Al-Baqara - Verse 150
وَمِنْ حَيْثُ خَرَجْتَ فَوَلِّ وَجْهَكَ شَطْرَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ
And from wherever you go out [for prayer], turn your face toward al-Masjid al-Haram
28.وَلّٰىٰwith إِلَىٰ means “Turned to”
Al-Qasas - Verse 24
فَسَقَىٰ لَهُمَا ثُمَّ تَوَلَّىٰ إِلَى الظِّلِّ
So he watered [their flocks] for them; then he returned to the shade
29.وَلّٰىٰ with عَنْ means “Turned away from”
An-Najm - Verse 29
فَأَعْرِضْ عَن مَّن تَوَلَّىٰ عَن ذِكْرِنَا وَلَمْ يُرِدْ إِلَّا الْحَيَاةَ الدُّنْيَا
So, turn away from whoever turns his back on Our message and desires not except the worldly life
۞۞۞
