9/12.8 - Form VII - اِفْتِعَالًا if-ti-'aa-lan
Section 12.8 - Form VII. اِفْتِعَالًا if-ti-'aa-lan
Form VI is called اِفْتِعَالًا if-ti-'aal-an. Past tense of this form is اِفْتَعَلَ if-ta-'alaand imperfect tense is يَفْتَعِلُ yaf-ta-'i-lu and its source Masdar is اِفْتِعَالًا if-ti-'aa-lan. The benefit of this form is that it also changes the meaning of the Verb from normal action to that of an action with effort/preparation for the purpose of getting something for yourself. For example, كَسَبَ ka-sa-bato اِكْتَسَبَ ik-ta-sa-ba. كَسَبَ ka-sa-ba means to earn / gain / gather / profit / acquire / achieve. When changed to اِكْتَسَبَ ik-ta-sa-ba, it means to acquire / earn (through hardship).
The inflections for this are shown in the table below:
Table 84 – Form VII Past tense اِفْتَعَلَ if-ta-a-la Inflections
|
|
|
| Single
|
| Dual
|
| Plural
|
| Absent 3rd person | Male | 1 | اِفْتَعَلَ
If-ta’- alaa | 2 | اِفْتَعَلَا
If-ta’-alaa | 3 | اِفْتَعَلُوْا
If-ta- ‘aloo |
| Female | 4 | اِفْتَعَلَتْ
If-ta’- ‘alat | 5 | اِفْتَعَلَتَا
If-ta- ‘altaa | 6 | اِفْتَعَلْنَ
If-ta’- ’alna | |
| Present 2nd person | Male | 7 | اِفْتَعَلْتَ
If-ta- ‘al-ta | 8 | اِفْتَعَلْتُمَا
If-ta-‘al- tu-maa | 9 | اِفْتَعَلْتُمْ
If-ta-‘al- tum |
| female | 10 | اِفْتَعَلْتِ
If-ta- ‘al-ti | 11 | اِفْتَعَلْتُمَا
If-ta-‘al- tu-maa | 12 | اِفْتَعَلْتُنَّ
If-ta-‘al- tun-na | |
| Speaker 1st person | Male/ female | 13 | اِفْتَعَلْتُ
If-ta- ‘al-tu | 14 | اِفْتَعَلْنَا
If-ta-‘al-naa | ||
Table 85 – Form VII Imperfect Tense يَفْتَعِلُ (yaf-ta-ee-lu) Inflections
| | Gender
| | Single
|
| Dual
|
| Plural
|
| Absent 3rd person | Male | 1 | يَفْتَعِلُ
Yaf-ta- ‘ilu | 6 | يَفْتَعِلُانِ
Yaf-ta- ‘i-laani | 10 | يَفْتَعِلُوْنَ
Yaf-ta- ‘i-loona |
| Female | 2 | تَفْتَعِلُ
Taf-ta- ‘ilu | 7 | تَفْتَعِلُانِ
Taf-ta- ‘ilaani | 11 | يَفْتَعِلُنَ
Yaf-ta- ‘ilna | |
| Present 2nd person | Male | 3 | تَفْتَعِلُ
Taf-ta- ‘ilu | 8 | تَفْتَعِلُانِ
Taf-ta- ‘ilaani | 12 | تَفْتَعِلْوْنَ
Taf-ta- ‘iloona |
| female | 14 | تَفْتَعِلُينَ
Taf-ta- ‘ileena | 9 | تَفْتَعِلُانِ
Taf-ta- ‘ilaani | 13 | تَفْتَعِلُنَ
Taf-ta- ‘ilna | |
| Speaker 1st person | Male/ female | 4 | اَفْتَعِلُ
Af-ta- ‘ilu | 5 | نَفْتَعِلُ
naf-ta-‘ilu | ||
Table 86 - Form VI اِفْتَعَلَ/ يَفْتَعِلُ Examples
| Qur’anic Example | four alphabet form VI past/imperfect/ Infinitive and Infinitive meaning | three alphabet Form I past/ imperfect/Infinitive and Infinitive meaning | three alphabet root with form |
| An-Nisaa - Verse 1 يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ اتَّقُوا رَبَّكُمُ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُم مِّن نَّفْسٍ وَاحِدَةٍ O mankind, fear your Lord, who created you from one soul | اِتَّقَى/يَتَّقِيْ/اِتِّقَاءً It-ta-qa/yat-taqi/it-ti-qaa-an to beware/be on guard/protect/be afraid of | وَقَى/يَقِيْ/وِقَايَةً
Wa-qa /ya-qee/wi-qaa-ya-tan
to guard/ beware/ preserve/ protect/ save | و ق ي ض |
| Yaseen - Verse 21 اتَّبِعُوا مَن لَّا يَسْأَلُكُمْ أَجْرًا وَهُم مُّهْتَدُونَ Follow those who do not ask of you [any] payment, and they are [rightly] guided. | اِتَّبَعَ/يَتَّبِعُ/اِتِّبَاعًا It-ta-ba-‘a/yat-ta-bi-‘u/it-ti-baa-‘an
to follow metaphorical-to do as / obey | تَبِعَ/يَتْبَعُ/ تَبَاعَةً Ta-bi-‘a/yat-ba-‘u/ta-baa-‘atan
to follow literally / succeed | ت ب ع س،ف |
| An-Naba - Verse 39 ذَٰلِكَ الْيَوْمُ الْحَقُّ ۖ فَمَن شَاءَ اتَّخَذَ إِلَىٰ رَبِّهِ مَآبًا That is the True Day; so, he who wills may take to his Lord a [way of] return. | اِتَّخَذَ/يَتَّخِذُ/اِتِّخَاذًا It-ta-kha-dha/yat-ta-khi-dhu/it-ti-qaa-dhan
to take firmly/take up/adopt/hold on/assume/adopt/make use of | أَخَذَ/يَأَخُذ/ أَخْذًا Akha-dha/yaa-ku-dhu/akh-dhan
to take/get hold /seize /grab | ا خ ذ ن |
| Al-Kahf - Verse 15 فَمَنْ أَظْلَمُ مِمَّنِ افْتَرَىٰ عَلَى اللَّهِ كَذِبًا And who is more unjust than one who invents about Allah a lie?" | اِفْتَرَىٰ/يَفْترِيْ/اِفْتِرَاءً If-ta-raa/yaf-ta-ree/if-ti-raa-an
to fabricate/make up/slander/forge/ invent falsely | فَرَىٰ/يَفْرِيْ/ فَرْيًا Fa-ra-yaa/yaf-ree/far-yan
to cut lengthwise / fabricate | ف ر ي ض |
| Al-Israa - Verse 15 مَّنِ اهْتَدَىٰ فَإِنَّمَا يَهْتَدِي لِنَفْسِهِ Whoever is guided is only guided for [the benefit of] his soul | اِهْتَدَىٰ/يَهْتَدِيْ/اِهْتِدَاءً Ih-ta-daa/yah-ta-dee/ih-ta-daa-an
to be guided/find guidance/ committed to guidance | هَدَىٰ/يَهْدِيْ/هُدًى، هِدَايَةً Ha-daa/yah-dee/hu-dan, hidaa-ya-tan
to guide / show the path / lead | ه د ي ض |
| Fussilat - Verse 45 وَلَقَدْ آتَيْنَا مُوسَى الْكِتَابَ فَاخْتُلِفَ فِيهِ And We had already given Moses the Scripture, but it came under disagreement | اِخْتَلَفَ/يَختَلِفُ/ اِخْتِلَافًا Ikh-ta-la-fa/yakh-ta-li-fu/ikh-ti-laa-fan
to alternate/differ /be diverse/dispute /quarrel | خَلَفَ/يَخْلُفُ/ خَلْفًا، خِلَافَةً
Kha-la-fa/yakh-lu-fu/khal-fan, khi-laa-fa-tan
to succeed/ come after/ follow/lag behind/ change/ become bad | خ ل ف ن |
| Al-Hashr - Verse 20 لَا يَسْتَوِي أَصْحَابُ النَّارِ وَأَصْحَابُ الْجَنَّةِ Not equal are the companions of the Fire and the companions of Paradise | اِسْتَوَىٰ/يَسْتَوِيْ/اِسْتِوَاءً
Is-ta-waa/yas-ta-wee/is-te-waa-an
to be even/take position/straight/ equal/upright /turn attention to | سَوِيْ/يَسْوَى/ سِوًى Sa-wee/yas-waa/si-wan
to be equal | س و ي س |
| An-Nisaa - Verse 104 وَلَا تَهِنُوا فِي ابْتِغَاءِ الْقَوْمِ And do not weaken in pursuit of the enemy | اِبْتَغَىٰ/يَبْتَغِيْ/اِبْتِغَاءً
Ib-ti-gha/yab-ta-ghi/ib-tigha-an
to seek/desire/aim at /aspire after/strive for/pursue
| بَغَىٰ/يَبْغِيْ/بَغْيًا
Ba-ghaa/yab-ghi/bagh-yan
to seek/ desire to attain/to wrong/ envy/ oppress/ transgress | ب غ ي ض،ف |
| At-Tawba - Verse 111 إِنَّ اللَّهَ اشْتَرَىٰ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَنفُسَهُمْ وَأَمْوَالَهُم بِأَنَّ لَهُمُ الْجَنَّةَ Indeed, Allah has purchased from the believers their lives and their properties [in exchange] for that they will have Paradise | اِشْترَىٰ/يَشْترِيْ/اِشْتِرَاءً Ish-ta-raa/yash-ta-ree/ish-ti-raa-an
to buy / purchase / barter | شَرَىٰ/يَشْرِيْ/ شِرَاءً
Sha-raa/yash-ree/shi-raa-an
to barter / give / sell | ش ر ي ض |
| Yunus - Verse 42 وَمِنْهُم مَّن يَسْتَمِعُونَ إِلَيْكَ And among them are those who listen to you | اِسْتَمَعَ/يَسْتَمِعُ/ اِسْتِمَاعًا
Is-ta-ma-‘a/yas-ta-mi-‘u/is-te-maa-‘an to listen carefully / hear/ pay attention | سَمِعَ/يَسْمَعُ/ سَمَاعًا، سَمَاعَةً Sa-mi-‘a/yas-ma-‘u/sa-maa-‘an, sa-maa-‘atan
to hear / listen | س م ع س |
***
